美国对其GPS采取的国策

从兼顾美国经济利益和国家安全目标、GPS及其增强系统的管理、国家安全及对外政策四个方面综合考察了美国对其GPS所采取的最新国策。     

Mineralogical biosignatures and the search for life on Mars

If life ever existed, or still exists, on Mars, its record is likely to be found in minerals formed by, or in association with, microorganisms. An important concept regarding interpretation of the mineralogical record for evidence of life is that, broadly defined, life perturbs disequilibria that arise due to kinetic barriers and can impart unexpected structure to an abiotic system. Many features of minerals and mineral assemblages may serve as biosignatures even if life does not have a familiar terrestrial chemical basis. Biological impacts on minerals and mineral assemblages may be direct or indirect. Crystalline or amorphous biominerals, an important category of mineralogical biosignatures, precipitate under direct cellular control as part of the life cycle of the organism (shells, tests, phytoliths) or indirectly when cell surface layers provide sites for heterogeneous nucleation. Biominerals also form indirectly as by-products of metabolism due to changing mineral solubility. Mineralogical biosignatures include distinctive mineral surface structures or chemistry that arise when dissolution and/or crystal growth kinetics are influenced by metabolic by-products. Mineral assemblages themselves may be diagnostic of the prior activity of organisms where barriers to precipitation or dissolution of specific phases have been overcome. Critical to resolving the question of whether life exists, or existed, on Mars is knowing how to distinguish biologically induced structure and organization patterns from inorganic phenomena and inorganic self-organization. This task assumes special significance when it is acknowledged that the majority of, and perhaps the only, material to be returned from Mars will be mineralogical.     

Near-infrared detection of potential evidence for microscopic organisms on Europa

The possibility of an ocean within the icy shell of Jupiter's moon Europa has established that world as a primary candidate in the search for extraterrestrial life within our Solar System. This paper evaluates the potential to detect evidence for microbial life by comparing laboratory studies of terrestrial microorganisms with measurements from the Galileo Near Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (NIMS). If the interior of Europa at one time harbored life, some evidence may remain in the surface materials. Examination of laboratory spectra of terrestrial extremophiles measured at cryogenic temperatures reveals distorted, asymmetric nearinfrared absorption features due to water of hydration. The band centers, widths, and shapes of these features closely match those observed in the Europa spectra. These features are strongest in reddish-brown, disrupted terrains such as linea and chaos regions. Narrow spectral features due to amide bonds in the microbe proteins provide a means of constraining the abundances of such materials using the NIMS data. The NIMS data of disrupted terrains exhibit distorted, asymmetric near-infrared absorption features consistent with the presence of water ice, sulfuric acid octahydrate, hydrated salts, and possibly as much as 0.2 mg cm(-3) of carbonaceous material that could be of biological origin. However, inherent noise in the observations and limitations of spectral sampling must be taken into account when discussing these findings.     

Dynamics and control of an orbiting flexible mobile manipulator

This paper presents a Lagrangian formulation for studying the dynamics and control of the proposed Space Station based Mobile Servicing System (MSS) for a particular case of inplane libration and maneuvers. The simplified case is purposely considered to help focus on the effects of structural and joint flexibility parameters of the MSS on the complex interactions between the station and manipulator dynamics during slewing and translational maneuvers. The response results suggest that under critical combinations of parameters, the system can become unstable. During maneuvers, the deflection of the MSS can become excessive, leading to positioning error of the payload. At the same time the libration error can also be significant. A linear quadratic regulator is designed to control the deflection of the manipulator and maintain the station at its operating configuration.     

Detection of satellite attitude sensor faults using the UKF

A novel fault detection (FD) method for nonlinear systems using the residuals generated by the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is proposed. The errors of the UKF are derived and sufficient conditions for the convergence of the UKF are presented. As the local approach is a powerful statistical technique for detecting changes in the mean of a Gaussian process, it is used to devise a hypothesis test to detect faults from residuals obtained from the UKF. Further, it is demonstrated that the selection of a sample number is important in improving the performance of the local approach. To illustrate the implementation and performance of the proposed technique, it is applied to detect sensor faults in the measurement of satellite attitude.     

基于退步法的敏捷航天器姿态控制方法

主要研究敏捷航天器大角度姿态机动问题。首先,以SGCMG(Single Gimbal Control Momentum Gyroscope,单框架控制力矩陀螺)为执行机构,建立了基于四元数的航天器姿态机动数学模型;然后,针对SGCMG的奇异问题,研究了基于力矩输出和回避奇异能力最优的联合操纵律;最后,基于敏捷航天器姿态误差模型和李雅普诺夫稳定理论设计了一种退步控制律。仿真结果表明,该控制方法能够很好地实现大角度机动目标并有效避免了SGCMG的奇异状态,满足姿态机动任务的控制精度和稳定度要求。     

Strapdown INS error model for multiposition alignment

The relationship between quaternion errors and tilt angles from true navigation frame to analytic platform frame is newly derived for strapdown inertial navigation system (SDINS). Using the relationship it is shown that the quaternion error model for attitude and velocity is equivalent to the conventional perturbation error model. Based upon the equivalency, the quaternion errors during a multiposition alignment are determined and analyzed. Furthermore, it is shown that the heading rotation of 180 deg achieves the minimal quaternion error for 2-position ground alignment     

全生命周期医疗设备管理系统的设计与实现

论文基于全生命周期的思想，从医疗设备的计划、采购、使用到最终的报废四个方面构建一个全生命周期的医疗设备管理系统；通过严格规范的编码方法对设备做到唯一性，从而实现生命周期中信息的一致性、全面性及可追溯性。     

Comprehensive data reduction package for the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph: IGRINS

We present a Python-based data reduction pipeline package (PLP) for the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS), an instrument that covers the complete H- and K-bands in one exposure with a spectral resolving power of 40,000. The reduction steps carried out by the PLP include flat-fielding, background removal, order extraction, distortion correction, wavelength calibration, and telluric correction using spectra of A type standard stars. As the spectrograph has no moving parts, the PLP automatically reduces the data using predefined functions for the processes of order extraction, distortion correction, and wavelength calibration. Before the telluric correction of the target spectra, the intrinsic hydrogen absorption features of the standard A star are removed with a Gaussian fitting algorithm. The final result is the flux of the target as a function of wavelength. Users can customize the predefined functions for the extraction of the spectrum from the echellogram and adjust the parameters for the fitting functions for the spectra of celestial objects, using “fine-tuning” options, as necessary. Presently, the PLP produces the best results for point-source targets.     

热障涂层喷涂质量微焦点CT检测

采用微焦点X射线源对热障涂层样品进行了高分辨率X射线成像研究,采用多尺度对比度增强算法提高了热障涂层与基体之间的对比度.X射线图像显示热障涂层各处厚度差异较大,热障涂层内部可能存在大量孔隙.通过微焦点计算机层析成像(CT)对样品进行了高分辨率CT扫描与重建,得到了样品的CT重建图像.从热障涂层CT图像观察到热障涂层内部存在大量孔隙,且不同层孔隙尺寸、数量不同.结合3个坐标方向的切片图像分析了热障涂层深度方向的热障涂层厚度,得到了热障涂层厚度的二维分布,测量得到热障涂层平均厚度约为40μm.对沿热障涂层深度方向850~1131层切片图像,利用可视化软件VGstudio MAX得到了热障涂层内部孔隙三维分布.研究结果表明:微焦点CT可用于热障涂层制备工艺质量检测.