A simple control law for reducing the effective characteristic acceleration of a solar sail

The direction and magnitude of a solar sail acceleration are strongly related. For this reason, once the characteristic acceleration has been fixed, it is not possible to modulate the acceleration in a particular direction. In this work, a semi-analytical switching control law is derived, enabling a solar sail to emulate a smaller effective characteristic acceleration (without changes in geometry or optical properties); by periodically changing the pitch (cone) angle of the sail, in average over time, the acceleration produced by the sail matches exactly (in both direction and magnitude) that of a “smaller” sail. The range in which this is possible is determined, and the limitations on this range due to the size difference is computed. The method is validated on optimal Earth-Mars trajectories.     

航天器运输包装箱仿真验证平台技术研究

针对数量有限的物理跑车试验无法满足减振与保温性能测试需求的问题，提出一套航天器运输包装箱动力学与热学仿真验证方法，包括：建立适用于包装箱系统的刚柔耦合多体动力学系统，通过结合线路条件测试生成的动力学系统外部激励，实现减振性能虚拟跑车测试；建立基于计算流体力学的包装箱热学模型，通过模拟自然对流和空调控制，实现包装箱保温性能虚拟跑车测试；基于C/S架构和导航式流程设计思想，建立航天器运输包装箱仿真验证平台，通过实际案例证明该平台仿真结果与实际跑车测试数据具有较高的一致性。     

Evaluation of SARAL/AltiKa performance using GNSS/IMU equipped buoy in Sajafi,Imam Hassan and Kangan Ports

Performance of SARAL/AltiKa mission has been evaluated within 2016 altimeter calibration/validation framework in Persian Gulf through three campaigns conducted in the offshore waters of Sajafi, Imam Hassan and Kangan Ports, while the altimeter overflew the passes 470, 111 and 25 on 13 Feb, 7 March and 17 June 2016, respectively. As the preparation, a lightweight buoy was equipped with a GNSS receiver/choke-ring antenna and a MEMS-based IMU to measure independent datasets in the field operations. To obtain accurate sea surface height (SSH) time series, the offset of the onboard antenna from the equilibrium sea level was predetermined through surveying operations as the buoy was deploying in the onshore waters of Kangan Port. Accordingly, the double-difference carrier phase observations have been processed via the Bernese GPS Software v. 5.0 so as to provide the GNSS-derived time series at the comparison points of the calibration campaigns, once the disturbing effects due to the platform tilt and heave have been eliminated. Owing to comparing of the SSH time series and the associating altimetry 1?Hz GDR-T datasets, the calibration/validation of the SARAL/AltiKa has been performed in the both cases of radiometer and ECMWF wet troposphere corrections so as to identify potential land contamination. An agreement of the present findings in comparison with those attained in other international calibrations sites confirms the promising feasibility of Persian Gulf as a new dedicated site for calibration/validation of ongoing and future altimetry missions.     

Assessment of between-floor structural and topological properties on cognitive map development in multilevel built environments

The present study investigated cognitive map development in multilevel built environments. Three experiments were conducted in complex virtual buildings to examine the effects of five between-floor structural factors that may impede the accuracy of humans’ ability to build multilevel cognitive maps. Results from Experiments 1 and 2 (of three experiments) revealed that difficulties in developing multilevel cognitive maps are not solely caused by the z-axis offset, as is suggested in the literature, but are due to the factorial combination of a between-floor overlap and a z-axis offset. Results from Experiment 2 showed that this process becomes substantially more difficult when the reference directions between different floors have an angular offset from each other. Finally, results from Experiment 3 demonstrated that confusing between-floor heading shifts in aligned buildings did not make it reliably harder to build multilevel cognitive maps. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of theories of mental representations in multilayered three-dimensional spaces, as well as for architectural design.     

Simulating planetary wave propagation to the upper atmosphere during stratospheric warming events at different mountain wave scenarios

Parameterization schemes of atmospheric normal modes (NMs) and orographic gravity waves (OGWs) have been implemented into the mechanistic Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model (MUAM) simulating atmospheric general circulation. Based on the 12-members ensemble of runs with the MUAM, a composite of the stratospheric warming (SW) has been constructed using the UK Met Office data as the lower boundary conditions. The simulation results show that OGW amplitudes increase at altitudes above 30 km in the Northern Hemisphere after the SW event. At altitudes of about 50 km, OGWs have largest amplitudes over North American and European mountain systems before and during the composite SW, and over Himalayas after the SW. Simulations demonstrate substantial (up to 50–70%) variations of amplitudes of stationary planetary waves (PWs) during and after the SW in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. Westward travelling NMs have amplitude maxima not only in the Northern, but also in the Southern Hemisphere, where these modes have waveguides in the middle and upper atmosphere. Simulated variations of PW and NM amplitudes correspond to changes in the mean zonal wind, EP-fluxes and wave refractive index at different phases of the composite SW events. Inclusion of the parameterization of OGW effects leads to decreases in amplitudes (up to 15%) of almost all SPWs before and after the SW event and their increase (up to 40–60%) after the SW in the stratosphere and mesosphere at middle and high northern latitudes. It is suggested that observed changes in NM amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere during SW could be caused by divergence of increased southward EP-flux. This EP-flux increases due to OGW drag before SW and extends into the Southern Hemisphere.     

一种未来大型天地往返运输系统平台气动方案

针对未来低运行成本、可直接水平起降、重复使用的大型天地往返运输系统平台飞行器研制所需重点解决的全速域气动力性能需求与气动热防护匹配等难题，分析了典型航天飞机方案所存在的能量运行缺陷等主要问题及可能的改善方案。基于放宽气动热防护设计、涡轮/冲压/火箭发动机三动力组合、嵌套式旋转机翼全速域变体、在爬升阶段将飞行动能转化为高度势能以及再入阶段“跳跃式”盘旋减速飞行轨迹控制等设计思想，从能量损失速率控制和回收利用等角度出发，开展了一种新型大型天地往返运输系统平台气动布局概念设计研究。全速域气动力/热性能工程估算以及内/外流整体气动效能初步分析结果表明，该方案可有效满足整个飞行包线内的升重平衡需求，相比航天飞机方案具有显著的整体气动效能优势，值得进一步开展深入研究。     

ORB-SLAM系统优化框架分析概述

首先阐述了ORB-SLAM系统的核心思想和基本框架,介绍了SLAM系统中光束平差法的应用实现,然后针对视觉里程计部分不同的关键帧位姿优化过程分别进行了详细阐述,并利用KITTI数据集的不同序列的实验结果进行比较研究,给出了核心的光束平差法在ORB-SLAM中的具体工作方式及性能分析,最后讨论和分析了ORB-SLAM的优势和不足。     

面向下一代运载火箭的综合电子系统集成技术

介绍了面向下一代运载火箭分布式模块化电子系统(DIMA)的集成技术及系统架构。针对下一代运载火箭复杂电子系统的特点，按照系统集成的路线，对系统设计目标、系统功能需求分析、系统抽象机制、系统综合技术等多方面进行论述。首先，根据电气系统功能获得系统需求，采用功能抽象和层次抽象定义系统抽象模型，提取出高内聚低耦合的原子功能模块，并对模块的属性、交换关系、时序约束关系等进行定义；然后采用可视化表征方法对系统进行深入分析，利用系统综合技术实现了从系统功能到硬件资源的映射，从而给出了集成控制单元和模块的种类；随后采用分时分区的设计理念对系统节点分区划分方案及容错架构进行了定义，并对分区操作系统的调度模型和交换式的数据交互网络进行了论述，最终给出了系统软硬件架构。     

基于Kriging模型梯度解析解的改进一次二阶矩方法

改进一次二阶矩（AFOSM）法是一种基于功能函数梯度的结构可靠性分析方法，鉴于其对隐式函数的梯度较难求解，提出了一种基于Kriging模型梯度解析解的AFOSM方法，利用Kriging代理模型的解析表达式推导得到功能函数对输入变量的梯度解析解，为AFOSM中设计点的确定提供高精度的梯度信息。通过Kriging与AFOSM的结合，很好地解决了基于有限元模型的隐式情况下梯度计算量相当大、可靠性分析难的问题。数值与工程算例验证了所提Kriging梯度解析解的较高精确性，同时验证了所提基于Kriging解析解的AFOSM结构可靠性分析方法的正确性与较高精度。     

A new bearing fault diagnosis method based on modified convolutional neural networks

Fault diagnosis is vital in manufacturing system. However, the first step of the traditional fault diagnosis method is to process the signal, extract the features and then put the features into a selected classifier for classification. The process of feature extraction depends on the experimenters’ experience, and the classification rate of the shallow diagnostic model does not achieve satisfactory results. In view of these problems, this paper proposes a method of converting raw signals into two-dimensional images. This method can extract the features of the converted two-dimensional images and eliminate the impact of expert’s experience on the feature extraction process. And it follows by proposing an intelligent diagnosis algorithm based on Convolution Neural Network (CNN), which can automatically accomplish the process of the feature extraction and fault diagnosis. The effect of this method is verified by bearing data. The influence of different sample sizes and different load conditions on the diagnostic capability of this method is analyzed. The results show that the proposed method is effective and can meet the timeliness requirements of fault diagnosis.