一种地月转移轨道中途修正的制导算法

针对地月转移轨道中途修正问题，提出了一种求解修正速度增量的制导算法。该算法由初值设计和精确解求解两部分组成。首先，利用伪状态理论，通过简单迭代设计中途修正的初值，并通过Vinti预报方法修正了地球扁率的影响。然后，在求解精确解时，提出了一种基于伪状态理论的状态转移矩阵解析算法。该算法通过设计高精度的初值，降低了求解地月转移轨道中途修正问题的难度，而且避免了传统数值方法计算状态转移矩阵的复杂性。数值仿真结果表明，该算法可有效求解中途修正问题。     

四旋翼倾转飞行器操纵冗余设计

建立了四旋翼倾转飞行器旋翼、机翼、机身的非线性气动模型和飞行动力学模型,并在Matlab/Simulink环境下搭建了仿真模型,根据仿真模型计算各个操纵面的操纵效率,确定了不同状态下各个通道需要用到的操纵方式,结合飞行动力学模型和操纵方式,在纵向通道上进行了全包线的配平计算,表明了操纵策略的可行性。     

Effect of bristle pack position on the rotordynamic characteristics of brush-labyrinth seals at various operating conditions

Over the last few decades, the research on the effect of bristle pack position on the rotordynamic characteristics of the brush-labyrinth seals is not sufficient. To this end, two kinds of brush-labyrinth seals for the bristle pack element installed upstream of the labyrinth teeth named BSU and installed downstream of the labyrinth teeth called BSD were used to investigate the effect of bristle pack position on the rotordynamic characteristics of the brush-labyrinth seals. Using the numerical model combining the porous medium model and the whirling rotor method, the rotordynamic characteristics of the BSU and BSD at various operating conditions including four kinds of pressure ratios, five kinds of inlet preswirl speeds and four kinds of rotor spinning speeds were conducted. The obtained results show that the effects of operating conditions on rotordynamic coefficients for the different seal configurations are different. The direct stiffness, cross-coupled stiffness and direct damping of the BSU are lower than those of the BSD. The rotordynamic coefficients of the BSU are more insensitive to the operating conditions variation. From the perspective of the seal stability, the BSU is a better brush-labyrinth seal configuration at high pressure ratio, high positive preswirl or high rotor spinning speed conditions. While in the case of low pressure ratio, low positive preswirl or low rotor spinning speed conditions, the BSD is a better choice.     

直升机后缘襟翼驱动器迟滞现象仿真与抑制

直升机后缘襟翼多采用压电驱动器作为驱动元件，但是在使用过程中压电驱动器迟滞会对其振动控制性能产生不利影响，因此针对压电驱动器迟滞开展了迟滞建模与抑制研究。通过实验研究了压电驱动器在不同驱动频率下的迟滞特性，采用Bouc-Wen模型对驱动器迟滞现象进行了建模，并采用粒子群算法（PSO）辨识模型参数，与实际测量迟滞曲线进行了对比，在10~60 Hz范围内所建立的迟滞模型能够较为精确地描述压电驱动器迟滞现象。建立了基于Bouc-Wen逆模型的前馈补偿控制与PID反馈控制相结合的复合控制策略，实验结果显示该控制策略能够在10~60 Hz较宽的频率范围内有效抑制该压电驱动器迟滞现象。建立了考虑驱动器迟滞的主动控制后缘襟翼振动控制动力学模型，并对中等速度稳态前飞条件下后缘襟翼振动控制性能进行了仿真，仿真结果显示驱动器迟滞会在一定程度上削弱振动控制性能，而采用复合控制可以提高后缘襟翼旋翼振动控制性能。     

多支点柔性转子系统临界转速稳健设计方法

基于响应面法和容差模型提出了定量考虑参数变差影响的转子系统临界转速稳健设计方法。该方法利用响应面模型获得多参数、多目标之间的函数关系,并以多阶临界转速分布为约束条件、以临界转速对支承刚度变差敏感度最低为设计目标。对小涵道比涡扇发动机低压转子系统临界转速稳健设计结果表明:在考虑各支点支承刚度变差情况下,采用多参数、多目标稳健设计方法,可保证多支点柔性转子系统的临界转速特性在满足设计要求的同时,转子系统临界转速对支承刚度变差的敏感度最低,验证了该方法的有效性。      

基于滑模变结构和扩张状态观测器的电动舵机复合控制方法

为提高电动舵机伺服系统的鲁棒性,同时解决实际工作中电动舵机不确定负载引起的跟踪精度低的问题,提出了一种采用指数趋近率的滑模变结构控制率结合扩张状态观测器对负载扰动进行实时估计的电动舵机的伺服控制方法,给出了控制器设计方法和试验验证。仿真和试验结果表明,与常规的滑模控制器相比,采用扩张状态观测器的变结构控制能有效提高电动舵机的跟踪性能。     

Investigation on nonlinear lateral-torsional coupled vibration of a rotor system with substantial unbalance

Substantial unbalance may be caused by fan blade off during the operation period of gas turbine engines, and related dynamic problems are very critical to the safety design of rotor system in aero-engine. This article aims to understand lateral-torsional coupled vibration of the rotor system with substantial unbalance. The governing equation of a modified unbalanced rotor system is established based on Lagrangian approach. Then, a mathematical analytical method is proposed in which a linear approximation is derived and the Floquet theory and Hill’s method are incorporated, from which the modal characteristics of the unbalanced rotor are obtained. The modal characteristics of the unbalanced rotor system are revealed comprehensively for the first time. Furthermore, the relation between the modes and responses of the unbalanced rotor is discussed in detail. The results show that the lateral vibration and torsional vibration of the unbalanced rotor are coupled through the inertial terms in the governing equations. Due to the coupling, veering and lock-in phenomena occur between the frequencies of the forward whirl mode and the torsional mode. Furthermore, lock-in can lead to a kind of principal instability. With regard to the response of the unbalanced rotor, both natural vibration components and enforced vibration components appear in the lateral response, while only natural vibration components appear during torsional vibration. Moreover, natural vibration components play a crucial role in the response within the principal instability region and cause divergence of the vibration amplitudes in the lateral and torsional directions.     

期望状态序列导向的深空探测器规划修复方法

Aiming at the challenges caused by the persistence, concurrency and energy consumption of probe actions, a plan repair method of deep space probe based on the expected state sequence is proposed. In this method, the expected state sequence is formed of the expected effect of the unfinished action and the expected precondition of the unexecuted action in the pre designed plan, according to the execution status of the action. The expected state sequence is an ordered set of states with mixed logic and energy, providing subgoals for plan repair and also transforming the plan repair problem into the state transition path searching problem. During the search, the plan repair strategy with energy supply priority is proposed, which separates the logic repair from energy repair to reduce the difficulty of solving the problem. And this method enables the probe to recover from plan failure autonomously. Finally, the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed method are verified through simulation by taking the Mars Orbiter as an example.     

基于合成射流的旋翼翼型动态失速控制研究

针对直升机旋翼工作环境下来流速度和迎角(Angle of attack,AoA)耦合引起的动态失速问题,建立了基于合成射流的旋翼动态失速控制的数值模拟方法。采用运动嵌套网格方法,通过对翼型的平移和旋转实现变来流速度-变迎角的耦合。以积分形式的雷诺平均N-S方程为主控方程,空间离散使用Roe格式,时间离散为隐式LU-SGS方法,以OA209翼型为研究对象,在翼型上表面放置合成射流激振器,开展了射流位置、动量系数、无量纲频率以及偏角等参数对轻度失速、深度失速下翼型动态失速控制的研究。研究发现,轻度失速下,射流位置靠近气流分离点时(20%c附近,c为翼型弦长),对逆压梯度引起的轻度失速控制效果最佳。深度失速下气流分离点虽在5%c之前,但射流位于前缘分离泡后端(10%c附近)时控制效果较好。大迎角需要较大的动量系数才能有效控制。射流频率对涡结构的尺寸和数量会产生一定影响,能改变气动特性波动幅度。较小的射流偏角对轻度失速的控制更有效,而深度失速则需要较大的偏角。     

用于BVI噪声试验的新型涡发生器设计与分析

针对直升机特有的旋翼桨/涡干扰(Blade vortex interaction,BVI)噪声计算精度低且试验数据缺乏问题,也为了开展旋翼气动噪声特性分离方法的验证试验研究,本文设计了一种能够用于BVI噪声试验的新型多段翼型组合式涡发生器。首先通过CATIA软件建立涡发生器出口端翼型段在不同迎角下的试验模型,再使用FLUENT软件建立涡发生器的流场仿真计算模型,比较分析了不同翼型段迎角下的涡流流场。随后用粒子图像测速法(Particle image velocimetry,PIV)技术系统测量了不同翼型段迎角、距离涡发生器出口端的长度及流速等参数变化下的涡流流场,对不同试验状态下的涡核、涡强等参数进行了对比分析。针对涡量偏弱的缺点,对传统单级涡发生器进行了改进,设计研发了双级涡发生段。试验证明其能产生更强且稳定的涡,为BVI噪声试验提供了模拟的桨尖涡,试验结果表明了涡发生器的有效性。