考虑燃料消耗均衡性的低轨通信星座在轨星座构型重构方法研究

针对低轨（low earth orbit,LEO）通信星座在轨重构问题，分析了低轨通信星座的特点，提出了4个重构指标，即全球平均覆盖率、燃料消耗均衡性、重构总时间和重构总速度增量，并分析了提高轨道高度的重构方式。采用基于分解的多目标进化算法（multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition，MOEA/D）对重构进行建模分析。结果表明，模型优化结果可以得出多组最优解，构成帕累托前沿，并得出燃料消耗均衡性最优的解，针对两种失效模式得出的重构总时间均为3.6×105s，速度增量方差分别为261.4m2/s2和293.4m2/s2，这些解均可恢复星座原有的覆盖性能，并使燃料消耗最为均衡。     

替代燃料贫油熄火边界影响因素

为了研究燃油以及入口空气压力对于贫油熄火(LBO)边界的影响大小及规律,采用航空煤油(RP-3)、高沸点费托油(FT)和柴油进行了三种不同燃烧室入口压力工况下的贫油熄火实验并进行规律分析。分析结果表明:入口压力对贫油熄火边界的影响(19.17%)要大于燃油性质造成的影响(6.26%)。导致熄火油气比变化的主要因素包括入口空气压力,火焰体积,燃烧室温度,燃油雾化直径以及燃油的热值和密度,其中火焰体积和燃油雾化直径主要受燃油性质影响,而燃烧室温度则与入口压力有很大关系。入口压力影响的贫油熄火油气比变化会受其影响的火焰体积和燃烧室温度变化而削弱。碳数高支链烷烃含量少的燃油可能会提高火焰体积对熄火油气比的影响,使其在低入口压力下有更好的贫油熄火边界。      

Measurement of mass diffusion coefficients of O_2 in aviation fuel through digital holographic interferometry

The experimental apparatus to measure the mass diffusion coefficients of O2 in aviation fuel was constructed based on the digital holographic interferometry method. The theory of mass diffusion coefficient and interference image processing were introduced in detail. The accuracy of the experiment was verified by measuring the mass diffusion coefficient of 0.33 mol/L KCl in aqueous solution at 298.15 K. The mass diffusion coefficients of O_2 in RP3 and RP5 aviation fuels were measured at temperature from 278.15 K to 333.15 K, and the Arrhenius equation was employed to fit the experimental data. In terms of the Stokes-Einstein equation, the viscosities of these two aviation fuels were tested to estimate the correlation among mass diffusion coefficient, viscosity and temperature. A uniform polynomial calculation correlation was proposed to predict the mass diffusion coefficients of O_2 in both RP3 and RP5 aviation fuels, and its accuracy is considerably higher than that of the Stokes-Einstein equation.     

翼身融合运输机分布式电推进系统设计及油耗评估

针对翼身融合运输机开展了分布式电推进系统的总体设计与油耗评估。通过数值计算完成了70t载质量翼身融合飞机的气动设计与优化。在巡航马赫数为0.80和10km高度的设计点,最大升阻比达到了24。通过求解积分边界层方程组,完成了电推进系统的总体设计。电推进系统包含10个推进风扇,风扇直径为1.45m，压比为1.35，巡航功率为2.94MW。建立了考虑燃烧过程的发动机一维性能模型,对发动机油耗进行了评估,获得了不同发动机循环参数下燃油消耗。建模结果表明,基于翼身融合布局和分布式电推进技术,可使运输机的油耗较C-17节省近50%。      

基于遗传-支持向量机的对置活塞二冲程柴油机气口高度优化

以某对置活塞二冲程柴油机为研究对象,基于一维仿真模型,利用遗传-支持向量机的方法,以油耗为优化目标,进行不同转速工况下进排气口高度组合的自动化寻优。结果表明:在1200r/min下,优化的进、排气口无量纲化高度组合为［0.075,0.105］,所得最小油耗为220.32g/(kW·h);对置活塞二冲程柴油机的气口最优高度应随着转速的提高逐渐增大;且在高转速(大于1600r/min)下,排气口最优高度增加趋势更加明显。      

对空间碎片近距随遇悬停的控制方法及悬停燃耗分析

对空间碎片检视或抓捕操控中的悬停控制及燃耗问题进行了研究。通过C W方程，建立任务星近距随遇定点悬停控制模型，通过设计状态反馈控制器分析定点悬停的可控性以及推控要求，结果表明近距悬停需要与悬停位置相关的两个正交方向上的常值连续推力控制量，以及用于抵抗扰动的三轴向上的反馈变推力控制量。分析了近距随遇悬停的推控分系统配置，建立了长时近距随遇悬停的燃耗及燃耗速率的数学模型，最后分析了既满足安全距离需求、又满足悬停方位需求的最小悬停燃耗模型。     

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 in inclined pipe

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer to supercritical RP-3 through the inclined tubes have been performed using LS k–e model embedded in Fluent. The physical properties of RP-3 were obtained using the generalized corresponding state laws based on the fourcomponent surrogate model. Mass flow rate is 0.3 g/s, system pressure is 3 MPa, inlet temperature is 373 K. Inclination of the inclined pipe varied from -90° to 90°, with heat flux varied from 300 k W/m~2 to 400 kW/m~2. Comparison between the calculated result and the experimental data indicates the range of error reasonable. The results of ±45° show that temperature inhomogeneity in inclined pipe produce the secondary flow in its cross section due to the buoyancy force. Depending on the strength of the temperature inhomogeneity, there will be two different forms of secondary flow and both contribute to the convective heat transfer in the pipe. The secondary flow intensity decreases when the inhomogeneity alleviates and thermal acceleration will play a leading role. It will have a greater impact on the turbulent flow to affect the convective heat transfer in the pipe. When changing the inclination, it affects the magnitude of the buoyant component in flow direction. The angle increases, the buoyancy component decreases. And the peak temperature of wall dominated by the secondary flow will move forward and increase in height.     

Satellite launch vehicle effect on the Earth’s lower ionosphere: A case study

The effect of the rocket exhaust products on the D-region of the ionosphere is investigated with the help of Very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic wave propagation characteristics within the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. The changes in the electron density profile are computed from the observed VLF signal amplitude perturbations about 3 dB during the rocket launch. We find a localized electron depletion in the lower ionosphere at an altitude of around 58 km, that is thought to be originated by the attachment of ionospheric ion and molecular hydrogen along with water molecule in the exhaust product of first stage burn of Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV) rocket at the time of GSLV launched from Sriharikota, India, on 27 August 2015 at 11:22 UT (16:52 IST). The ionospheric depletion perturbed the navigational VLF signal (VTX = 17 kHz) 134 s after the launch of the GSLV rocket.     

西安某粘接材料厂室内供暖、热水系统的设计

基于厂方对供热系统的要求,根据供热建筑物、机房和可利用设施的实际情况,采用一台换热器,通过阀门的切换,实现了供暖和供热水的分段运行。将蒸汽发生器的进水与系统补水有机地整合为一个系统,有效地解决了机房面积过小的实际困难。利用自来水的压力和热水箱与浴室的高差解决了热水供应的实际问题。