A novel satellite image encryption algorithm based on hyperchaotic systems and Josephus problem

With the rapid growth of the number of Earth observation satellite (EOS) supporting critical applications, it is required to improve the security techniques to protect the sensitive data and images during the transmission between the satellites and the ground stations. This paper introduces a new satellite image encryption algorithm based on the Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) generator, SHA 512 hash function, hyperchaotic systems, and Josephus problem. LFSR generates a matrix that is used to construct the 512-bits value of the hash function. These bits are used to set the initial values and parameters of the proposed encryption algorithm. Firstly, the six dimensions (6-D) hyperchaotic system is divided into three parts, where every two equations are considered as one part. Secondly, the 1-D hyperchaotic logistic-tent system is considered as the controller to select one part. The selected part is used to generate a matrix that is XORed with the original image. Thirdly, the scrambling operation by Josephus sequences is applied to the output of the previous step by scrambling the rows and the columns according to the selected part to produce the pre-encrypted image. Finally, if the number of iterations is less than the required number which is considered as a parameter of the secret key, the previous operations will be repeated in the pre-encrypted image; otherwise, the pre-encrypted image is considered as the final cipher image. Experimental and analyses results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance in terms of high level of security, large enough key-space, tolerance to Single Event Upsets (SEU) as well as low time complexity.     

一种基于OPTICS聚类的仅测角导航目标检测算法

仅测角自主导航方法具有设备简单、复杂度低，功耗低的优点，在空间任务中具有广泛的应用前景.针对中远距离下空间目标特征少的特点，提出了一种利用基于OPTICS聚类算法的空间目标检测方法，可用于仅测角导航过程中的目标检测.对原始星图进行预处理提取星点及目标点，并结合星图识别的结果选择部分帧，使用经过改进的OPTICS聚类方法获得目标运动轨迹.最后，使用本文中的算法对软件仿真出的含有目标的高精度星图进行处理验证了算法的可行性.在卫星相对于空间目标抵近过程中，目标检测的水平误差及垂直误差小于0.15°的帧数分别占到了85.4%以及99.6%.相比AVANTI实验中的目标检测方法，减少了在轨任务中相关参数的调节，进一步提升了算法的自主性.     

电铸镍Wolter I型光学系统制造技术发展综述

摘要： 为满足未来脉冲星导航和空间天文观测任务对X射线望远镜的载荷需求，Wolter I光学系统的研制正逐渐成为新的研究热点，电铸镍方案是当前国内外X射线光学系统镜筒制造的主要技术方案.文章对电铸镍X射线光学系统制造工艺、国内外研制现状、未来应用需求进行了介绍和整理，梳理了电铸镍X射线光学系统研制遇到的关键技术和难点，提出了后续研究发展建议，以促进中国在 X射线脉冲星自主导航、空间探测领域的快速发展.     

高能(450 kV)X射线参考辐射场附加过滤研究

利用MCNP程序对450kV X光机建立模型，计算各参考辐射质下的原级谱、平均光子能量。对ISO 4037-1中已有范围的管电压与附加过滤片厚度关系曲线进行二次拟合，确定模拟厚度范围。利用MCNP计算各附加过滤组合下的平均光子能量值，并与外推法得出的平均光子能量值进行对比，将相对偏差最小时的附加过滤作为最终确定值。从部分能量点的模拟与测量结果的对比可看出，模拟得出的平均光子能量在2%以内与PTB及中国计量院测量结果保持一致，附加过滤最大相对偏差为18%。     

Near-wall topological patterns and flow structures over a simplified Danaus plexippus model

Studies on the high-lift mechanisms of butterfly gliding flights shed light on the design of the micro air vehicles. The flow field around a simplified Danaus plexippus model is investigated using the hydrogen bubble visualization and the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) techniques. There are three near-wall topological patterns with different Angles of Attack (AoAs): the separation bubble, the Leading-Edge Vortex (LEV) and the high AoAs flow. For the separation bubble pattern, two saddles and two foci form in the middle of the model. The features of the LEV pattern are the leading-edge separation lines. The topological characteristics of the separation lines are changed by the interaction between the LEV and the Wing-Tip Vortex (WTV). For the high AoAs flow pattern, four unstable foci are found at the forewing and the hindwing respectively. The angle between the trajectory of the WTV and the model increases with increasing AoA even though the slope of the WTV angle versus AoA curve declines at the moderate AoAs.     

Mapping lunar surface chemistry: New prospects with the Chandrayaan-2 Large Area Soft X-ray Spectrometer (CLASS)

Surface chemistry of airless bodies in the solar system can be derived from remote X-ray spectral measurements from an orbiting spacecraft. X-rays from planetary surfaces are excited primarily by solar X-rays. Several experiments in the past have used this technique of X-ray fluorescence for deriving abundances of the major rock forming elements. The Chandrayaan-2 orbiter carries an X-ray fluorescence experiment named CLASS that is designed based on results from its predecessor C1XS flown on Chandrayaan-1. We discuss the new aspects of lunar science that can be potentially achieved with CLASS.     

一种基于张氏标定法的单目相机改进标定算法

单目视觉在地面机器人等无人导航系统中的应用越来越广泛，而相机参数的标定是利用视觉进行导航的基础性工作。标定结果的好坏，直接影响导航性能和定位精度。主要考虑单目相机的径向畸变，基于张正友平面标定法，通过利用Matlab进行图像预处理、利用OpenCV进行Harris角点检测和亚像素精确化等方法在角点提取精度等方面进行了改进，通过重投影法对标定结果进行了评估，并将其与Matlab相机标定工具箱Toolbox_calib所得结果进行了比较。实验结果表明，改进的标定算法标定结果精度更高，并且对多个摄像头传感器均有效，适用性强。     

利用增量相位和星光仰角增强XNAV

针对X射线脉冲星导航系统(XNAV)中过程噪声统计特性难以准确获取，对其不当假设导致滤波器估计性能不佳的问题，提出基于自适应差分卡尔曼滤波器(ADDF)的多信息融合算法。为了降低导航误差，在传统脉冲星计时观测的基础上，增加恒星星光仰角及两个时刻间的相位增量观测量，共同增强XNAV。首先，分别建立计时观测模型、相位增量模型及星光仰角模型；然后将多信息测量模型集成到卫星轨道动力学方程中，以建立ADDF滤波模型；最后对所提方法进行仿真验证。实验结果表明，在相同的初始状态和初始噪声误差条件下，与传统X射线脉冲星导航算法相比，多信息融合算法能将导航位置估计精度提高70%以上，位置估计误差降低到 200 m 左右，速度估计精度提高40%以上，且ADDF性能优于无迹卡尔曼滤波器。     

回流燃烧室流动特性试验

为了揭示有/无燃烧状态下燃烧室热态和冷态流场的特征和流动特性，针对某型回流燃烧室单头部试验件，使用粒子图像测速仪（PIV），测量燃烧室燃烧状态下不同截面处的热态流场，以及没有燃烧状态下不同截面处的冷态流场，探讨不同总压损失系数对回流燃烧室热态/冷态流场特征及流动特性的影响。研究表明:随着总压损失系数的增大，冷态条件下各截面流场结构基本保持不变，如射流孔穿透深度、射流角度、回流区位置及大小、流线等基本保持一致，但是各位置点速度大小逐渐增大。热态条件下各截面流场随着总压损失系数增大，流场结构也基本保持不变；相同总压损失系数时，热态流场与冷态流场存在差异，燃油喷射与气流的相对运动将会对燃烧室头部的流场结构造成影响，速度较冷态流动时略微增大。      

失重性骨质疏松腰椎力学性能研究

航天员在长期失重环境影响下,会容易造成椎体失重性骨质疏松。为了探究骨质流失对腰椎承载能力的影响,设计了不同骨密度的腰椎力学仿真,通过图像处理建立了腰椎三维模型,利用有限元算法得到腰椎应力分布,对比了不同材料属性腰椎模型应力结果。结果表明:骨质疏松腰椎的应力值较正常腰椎变小,而形变量却明显增大。可以看出,骨质流失时,会导致腰椎骨骼材料性能发生变化,使腰椎形变量增大,并且使腰椎结构承载能力降低。