Stress analysis and damage evolution in individual plies of notched composite laminates subjected to in-plane loads

This work aims to investigate local stress distribution, damage evolution and failure of notched composite laminates under in-plane loads. An analytic method containing uniformed boundary equations using a complex variable approach is developed to present layer-by-layer stresses around the notch. The uniformed boundary equations established in series together with conformal mapping functions are capable of dealing with irregular boundary issues around the notch and at infinity. Stress results are employed to evaluate the damage initiation and propagation of notched composites by progressive damage analysis(PDA). A user-defined subroutine is developed in the finite element(FE) model based on coupling theories for mixed failure criteria and damage mechanics to efficiently investigate damage evolution as well as failure modes. Carbon/epoxy laminates with a stacking sequence of [45°/0°/ 60°/90°]sare used to investigate surface strains, in-plane load capacity and microstructure of failure zones to provide analytic and FE methods with strong validation. Good agreement is observed between the analytic method, the FE model and experiments in terms of the stress(strain) distributions, damage evaluation and ultimate strength, and the layerby-layer stress components vary according to a combination effect of fiber orientation and loading type, causing diverse failure modes in individuals.     

基于柔度曲率矩阵的复合材料脱层损伤识别研究

利用复合材料的模态柔度曲率矩阵探讨了复合材料构件的无损检测方法。通过模态分析获得脱层复合材料梁的各阶固有频率及节点振型,计算得到模态柔度曲率矩阵判断复合材料梁的脱层损伤。基于梁结构损伤检测理论发展了基于柔度曲率矩阵的复合材料板结构脱层损伤识别理论,即纵向柔度曲率矩阵和横向柔度曲率矩阵。算例分析表明:对于单一脱层损伤,纵向和横向柔度曲率突变率分别是3.6310、5.4078倍。对于多处脱层损伤,小损伤处纵向和横向柔度曲率突变率分别是3.5350、5.902 8倍;大损伤处纵向和横向柔度曲率突变率分别是5.680 3、10.010 9倍。突变位置与预设的脱层位置一致。说明纵向和横向柔度曲率均能判断复合材料脱层损伤的位置和大小,且相对来说,纵向柔度曲率损伤识别效果更好于横向柔度曲率。     

Damage assessment of large space structures through the variational approach

The present investigation is focused on the solution of a dynamic inverse problem which is concerned with the assessment of damage in large space structures by means of measured vibration data. This inverse problem has been presented as an optimization problem and has been solved through the use of the conjugate gradient method with the adjoint equation, also called the variational approach. When a high number of damaged elements has to be found and these elements are also severely damaged, it is shown that the use of an additional method is necessary in order to provide a better initial guess for the conjugate gradient method. A stochastic method, represented by the genetic algorithm method, has been chosen because it provides robust search in complex spaces and also reduces the chance of converging to local optima. The application of this hybrid approach showed that better results can be achieved, although the computational time for the application analyzed here could increase. The damage estimation has been evaluated using noiseless and noisy synthetic experimental data, and the reported results are concerned with a space truss structure.     

波音民用飞机外形凹坑损伤的检查及评估

介绍了凹坑的形成原因以及评估因素,针对波音民用飞机比较容易产生凹坑的区域如机身蒙皮、发动机前缘、缝翼前缘、水平安定面前缘、垂直安定面前缘等,结合基地大修时的维护经验分析了相关的检查、评估处理方法,并给出后续监控的建议。     

Thermal shock damage behavior of CVD ZnS by oxygen propane flame：A numerical and experimental study

Chemical vapor deposition zinc sulfide （CVD ZnS） is widely used as an infrared window material to transmit infrared signals, keep the aerodynamic shape and protect its imaging system, which often suffers high temperature and complicated thermal stresses. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the thermal shock damage of CVD ZnS through a finite element method and oxygen propane flame experiments. The finite element model is developed to simulate the temperature and thermal stress fields by an oxygen propane flame. Then, the thermal shock experiments are performed to investigate the thermal shock damage behavior. The results show that the temperature rising rate of the shock surface is fast during the initial heating stage resulting in high thermal stress. After the thermal shock experiment, the scanning electron microscope （SEM） photographs shows that the shock surface of the specimen becomes rough and the microcracks occur in the thermal shock zone. Good agreements are achieved between the numerical solutions and the experimental results.     

脉冲激光输出模式对介质薄膜损伤的影响

采用单横模(TEM01)和多模横向激励高气压(TEA)脉冲二氧化碳激光器和不同焦距的透镜对10.6μm的增透膜进行了破坏实验,对破坏样品进行了显微分析,研究了不同激光模式和不同焦距透镜对薄膜破坏的影响。实验结果表明,在短焦距透镜聚焦时,相同能量密度的单横模激光脉冲焦距前比焦距后更容易造成薄膜的损伤,破坏阈值相差5 J/cm2;使用长焦距透镜聚焦时,在单模激光脉冲和多模激光脉冲幅照下薄膜的损伤阈值基本相同,但比使用短焦距单模激光测量到的损伤阈值高。     

按钢筋混凝土框架结构的破坏状态诊断材料损伤参数

本文假定钢筋混凝土框架结构在破坏过程中混凝土材料遵循单轴受力的Mazars损伤本构模型规律，引入适当的反演目标函数，具体运用分数法和本文提出的变量转换搜索区间递减法对处于丰坏状态的钢筋混凝土框架结构的混凝土材料的一个或多个损伤参数进行反演分析获得成功，从而为定量地分析结构中材料的损伤提供了有效的途径。     

循环加载与随机加载对疲劳损伤等效性的研究

两种不同性质的载荷对疲劳损伤来说应采用完全不同的分析方法，但是从总的损伤累积效应来看，两类载荷作用的效果是相同的，就是使构件最终破坏。由此可见，两种载荷对损伤累积来说存在一定的内在关系。从损伤等效这一概念出发，导出了循环加载与随机加载对损伤的等效性关系，并给出了数值算法。     

超低温处理对T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料拉—压疲劳性能的影响

对T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料在超低温处理前后的拉—压疲劳性能进行了的研究。采用真空袋—热压罐成型工艺,制备了T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料单向板,在液氮中对试样进行超低温浸泡和超低温/室温循环处理,利用光学显微镜观测了试样在超低温处理过程中产生的微裂纹情况,并测试了超低温处理后试样的静强度和拉—压疲劳1000次、10000次及130000次后的剩余强度。对T700碳纤维/环氧复合材料超低温损伤机理进行了分析,并讨论了超低温处理和拉—压疲劳对复合材料剩余强度的影响。结果表明,超低温处理和拉—压疲劳处理都会使试样产生微裂纹,并引起试样内的残余应力释放和试样的剩余强度降低;经历不同的超低温处理之后,试样的剩余强度达到最高值时所对应的拉—压疲劳次数不同;随着超低温处理和拉—压疲劳的作用,试样的剩余强度会经历先升高—再降低的过程。     

Prediction of combined cycle fatigue life of TC11 alloy based on modified nonlinear cumulative damage model

The nonlinear cumulative damage model is modified to have high prediction accuracy when the high-low cycle stress frequency ratio m is large (m ≥ 500). The low cycle fatigue (LCF) tests, high cycle fatigue (HCF) tests and combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF) tests of TC11 titanium alloy were carried out, and the influencing factors of CCF life were analysed. The CCF life declines with the decrease of the ratio of high-low cycle stress frequency m. Both linear and nonlinear cumulative damage models are used to predict the CCF life. The CCF life prediction error of the linear cumulative damage model is great and the predictions tend to be overestimated, which is dangerous for engineering application. The accuracy is relatively high when the high-low cycle stress frequency ratio m ≤ 500. The accuracy of nonlinear cumulative damage model is higher than that of linear model when the high-low cycle stress frequency ratio m ≥ 500. Based on the relationship between high cycle average stress σ_major and material yield limit σ_p,0.2, a correction term is added to the nonlinear cumulative damage model and verified, which made the modified model more accurate when m ≥ 500.