RLV再入混合制导方法研究

提出可重复使用跨大气层飞行器（RLV）再入混合制导方法，该方法将再入轨道在线生成技术、基于阻力加速度飞行剖面的跟踪制导技术和数值预测制导技术有机结合。其中再入轨道在线生成能够向轨道预测制导算法提供初值，以加快轨道预测制导算法收敛速度；轨道跟踪控制器控制再入吸热，使再入轨道满足再入走廊约束；而数值预测制导算法则对再入轨道进行快速预报，生成合适的制导指令，将RLV导向目标。给出了RLV再入混合制导的具体算法，并对Marshall航天中心先进制导与控制项目所提出的九种再入情况进行了初步仿真，结果表明所提出的RLV再入混合制导方案是可行的。     

反作用控制系统在RLV再入复合控制中的研究

以再入段的可重复使用飞行器(RLV)控制系统为研究对象,针对RLV再入姿态的气动舵面与反作用力控制系统的特点,提出优化控制选择配置算法把控制力矩指令配置为末端执行机构指令,分别由气动舵面与反作用力控制系统执行。仿真结果表明,该复合控制方法可以弥补某些情况下气动舵面控制的不足,能很好地实现RLV姿态控制,并具有更好的动态性能。     

可重复使用飞行器用低密度烧蚀防热涂层研究

通过简便、高效的方法合成了硅氮化合物,以此为固化剂,分别完成了轻量化组元和烧蚀维形组元研究,最终获得了热稳定性优异、高温下尺寸稳定性高、抗烧蚀性能好的可重复使用飞行器用低密度防热涂层。结果表明,该防热涂层经过有限次静态烧蚀,密度、质量保留率均趋于稳定,力学性能能够满足使用需求。涂层经过高达10次石英灯烧蚀考核,防隔热性能无下降;经过5次风洞烧蚀考核,防热涂层抗烧蚀、防隔热性能无下降,进一步证明该种防热涂层经过有限次重复使用,仍能够对飞行器起到良好的热防护作用。     

Optimization design containing dimension and buffer parameters of landing legs for reusable landing vehicle

For the landing legs with single air chamber in the buffer structure of the reusable landing vehicle, the geometric topological models and the dynamic model associated with the hard points of the landing legs are established. The geometric constraint relationship in the design of the landing legs is also obtained. The whole vehicle dropping test is conducted, and the test results agree well with that of the simulation model, which validates the dynamic model. Based on the verified model, the eff...     

TSTO运载器一级返场轨迹优化设计与在线生成

对水平起降两级入轨（TSTO）运载器一子级返场轨迹优化和轨迹在线生成问题进行了研究。首先，给出了较独特的一子级再入轨迹设计策略：先给定侧向剖面，再分段优化求解三维轨迹。针对返场过程的大幅转向需求，设计了形式简单的倾侧角-航向角偏差剖面，并定义了具有不同任务的航向转弯段和航向微调段；针对一子级宽速域气动变化显著特点，为避免轨迹跳跃，定义了增高减速段和下降滑翔段，并采用分段优化策略求解三维轨迹。其次，针对分离扰动造成的一子级初始状态偏差，扩展了自适应高维伪谱插值（AMPI）算法的参数空间，并将其应用于返场轨迹在线生成问题。仿真结果表明，设计的倾侧角剖面能够在倾侧角不翻转的前提下调整飞行航向对准着陆场，设计的分段优化策略能够保证高度曲线平稳无跳跃，采用的自适应高维伪谱插值算法能够在分离扰动影响下快速准确地实现在线轨迹生成。     

自主学习干扰观测器驱动的重复使用运载器再入段滑模控制

针对重复使用运载器(RLV)再入段的姿态控制问题，设计一种具有自主学习干扰观测器(SLDO)的滑模控制器。基于奇异摄动理论及时标分离原则，将RLV的姿态动力学方程划分为外环和内环子系统。根据RLV再入段模型不确定性和外部干扰均随时间变化、不可忽略且无法预知边界等特点，结合2型模糊神经结构、误差反馈学习架构以及滑模控制(SMC)理论，提出一种新型在线自主学习干扰观测器。设计基于SLDO驱动的多元超螺旋滑模控制器，完成对再入段姿态的跟踪。最后，针对6自由度RLV模型进行了仿真分析，仿真结果证明了控制方法的有效性以及鲁棒性。     

Re-entry trajectory tracking of reusable launch vehicle using artificial delay based robust guidance law

A Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV), during the re-entry phase of its flight, experiences uncertain environment and extreme turbulence. This calls for an effective control strategy to guide the vehicle efficiently on a trajectory that allows safer landing conditions while providing robustness against external disturbances and system uncertainties. In this regard, a Time-Delayed Control (TDC) strategy has been proposed to track the space vehicle on a predetermined trajectory in the presence of these uncertainties. In the proposed approach, the system vector and the uncertainties are lumped into a single function which is estimated using the input and output data from the previous instant. Theoretical analysis of the control strategy executed using Lyapunov’s method, proves Uniformly Ultimately Bounded (UUB) stability of the closed loop system. The efficacy of the proposed approach has been verified through simulation studies which affirm robust tracking of the optimal trajectory generated through Pseudo-Spectral method (PSM), in the presence of time-varying uncertainties.     

运载火箭助推器回收技术分析与启示

可重复使用运载火箭对于实现低成本、高可靠、自由进出空间具有重要作用,是提高我国进入空间能力,提升我国综合国力的重要途径之一,实现助推器回收是运载火箭进行重复使用的核心技术。以运载火箭可重复使用技术为背景,从运载火箭助推器伞降回收、垂直返回和带翼飞回3种回收方式着手,充分调研了美国、俄罗斯、欧洲在运载火箭助推器回收技术领域开展的几个典型项目的方案特点和研制情况,以及我国相关技术的发展状况,分析比较其技术难点和应用前景,提出我国发展助推器回收技术的相关建议,为我国发展可重复使用运载火箭提供研究发展思路和参考。     

可重复使用运载器结构健康监测技术研究进展

系统梳理了国内外针对可重复使用航天运载器开展的结构健康监测技术研究工作情况，并针对其中的关键技术问题，包括热防护系统连接松动检测、低温贮箱健康监测、结构冲击监测、在轨试验验证进行了详细讨论，总结了国内外的研究现状、技术能力以及发展趋势，指出了结构健康监测系统实际部署中的技术需求，为今后可重复使用运载器结构健康监测系统的实际应用提供借鉴。     

Approach and landing guidance design for reusable launch vehicle using multiple sliding surfaces technique

An autonomous approach and landing (A&L) guidance law is presented in this paper for landing an unpowered reusable launch vehicle (RLV) at the designated runway touchdown.Considering the full nonlinear point-mass dynamics,a guidance scheme is developed in threedimensional space.In order to guarantee a successful A&L movement,the multiple sliding surfaces guidance (MSSG) technique is applied to derive the closed-loop guidance law,which stems from higher order sliding mode control theory and has advantage in the finite time reaching property.The global stability of the proposed guidance approach is proved by the Lyapunov-based method.The designed guidance law can generate new trajectories on-line without any specific requirement on off-line analysis except for the information on the boundary conditions of the A&L phase and instantaneous states of the RLV.Therefore,the designed guidance law is flexible enough to target different touchdown points on the runway and is capable of dealing with large initial condition errors resulted from the previous flight phase.Finally,simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law in different scenarios.