Bolt insertion damage and mechanical behaviors investigation of CFRP/CFRP interference fit bolted joints

Interference fit has advantages in improving fatigue behaviors of composite bolted joints; however, interference fit bolt insertion tends to cause damages in laminates weakening joint mechanical properties. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to investigate bolt insertion damages of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)/CFRP interference fit bolted joints. Mechanical behaviors of joints were also evaluated experimentally under both quasi-static loads and cyclic loads. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and high-resolution X-ray micro-CT scan were used to examine micro damages in laminates. Damage and failure behaviors of joints were characterized. The results demonstrated that the hole entrance in upper laminate and the laminate boundary near the hole wall were the most critical regions for damages during bolt insertions. However, the influence of those damages on quasi-static failure loads and fatigue failure modes of joints was minimal. Delamination and matrix cracking occurred first in laminates following fiber and matrix fracture in quasi-static tensile tests. Interference fit could improve the fatigue resistance of the laminate hole; however, the bolt seemed to suffer a more critical local fatigue loading condition. This paper can contribute to composite structure designs, especially in understanding damage and failure behaviors of composite bolted joints.     

碳纤维复合材料轴向压缩性能测试方法对比北大核心CSCD

轴向压缩性能一直是复合材料力学性能评价表征研究的难点。本文以国产T800级、M40J级碳纤维复合材料为研究对象,从试验研究、机理分析、计算模拟等角度,系统对比并分析了四种常用复合材料压缩性能测试方法的优劣与适用性,提出了优化的测试条件。试验与模拟结果表明,剪切加载方法(GB/T 3856—2005)易产生应力集中造成试样提前破坏,使压缩强度测试结果相比美标剪切加载方法(ASTM D3410—2016)降低约9%;端部加载(SACMA SRM 1R—94)测试结果较美标剪切加载和联合加载方法(ASTM D6641—2014)高3%~6%。测试条件优化研究中发现,加强片材质对破坏模式影响较大,强界面高强度复合材料适宜采用金属加强片,弱界面低强度复合材料适宜采用玻璃钢加强片。分析试样断口形貌,剪切加载和端部加载方法都可以观察到单向复合材料以纤维“跪折”为主的破坏模式。从测试结果和破坏模式来看,端部加载方法是较优的压缩强度测试方法。     

一种自由装填发动机热匹配失效模式试验方法研究

针对一种自由装填式固体发动机热匹配失效模式进行了试验验证方法的改进研究，通过增加压差传感器，有效减小了传统试验方法测量精度产生的影响，证实了发动机工作过程中包覆套内外压差的存在，有力支撑了热匹配失效模式机理研究结果。     

C/C复合材料螺栓受拉破坏模式分析

文摘采用试验的方法研究了两种不同结构C/C复合材料螺栓的拉伸破坏形式。结果表明,螺栓头的结构决定了其破坏模式。对于受拉而导致的螺栓头剪切破坏,不是由单方向的层间剪切和面内剪切决定,而是两个方向剪切综合作用的结果,因此细化螺栓头结构设计能最大程度发挥复合材料的力学性能极限。     

Failure behavior analysis of phased-mission systems considering functional and physical isolation effects

Phased-Mission Systems (PMS) are widely applied in aerospace, telecommunication and intelligent systems for multiple, consecutive and non-overlapping phases of missions. The phase-dependent stresses and system structure cause some difficulties to the reliability analysis of PMSs. In this paper, we analyze the physical isolation effects on the degradation speeds and across-phase damage accumulations of failure mechanisms. And, some corresponding reliability and unreliability formulas are derived. Besides, a hierarchical Binary Decision Diagram (BDD)-based modeling method is proposed for incorporating functional and physical isolation effects into BDD models, and the analytical method with phase algebras is introduced for studying the failure behavior of PMS with functional dependence. In the case study, we evaluate the collision avoidance system of a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle as an example to demonstrate the proposed modeling and analysis method. Results show that the physical isolation effects have significant influences on the degradations of components, which deserves detailed analysis for a more practical and realistic PMS’s failure behavior.     

复合材料径向和轴向螺栓连接失效预测方法及失效模式分析

大型火箭舱段间的复合材料端框连接主要由径向螺栓连接和轴向螺栓连接组成，设计了不同铺层和几何尺寸的连接试验件，并通过试验获得了失效载荷和失效形式。然后，选择了3种渐进损伤方法进行了连接结构的失效预测，并将预测结果与试验结果进行比较，结果表明：采用基于细观力学的复合材料渐进损伤方法，15组径向连接试验件失效载荷计算误差最大为17.3％；4组轴向连接失效载荷计算误差最大7.4％；预测的失效形式与试验结果接近，为连接结构确定了合适的失效预测方法。采用数值分析结果揭示了复合材料单向层的主要失效模式。为复合材料端框连接的设计研究提供了可用的失效预测方法及详细的失效模式分析结果。     

碳纤维增强复合材料力学性能退化及失效过程的研究进展

碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）内部损伤的不确定性及异质材料多模式损伤耦合的复杂特性，严重制约了构件的低冗余设计以及在苛刻环境下的长寿命可靠应用。随着试验和数值模拟手段的不断进步，有力推动了碳纤维增强复合材料力学性能退化及失效过程的研究，本文在总结国内外复合材料损伤行为研究的基础上，概述了静态、冲击、疲劳载荷以及湿热环境对CFRP损伤演化及失效行为的影响，对CFRP的多种损伤模型、试验方法及所取得的成果进行归纳，并展望了高精度仿真预测建模分析及各向异性材料复杂损伤模式的损伤机理分析等方面的研究发展趋势。     

Effects of surface topography and specimen thickness on high-speed raindrop impact damage of CFRP laminates

Raindrop impact erosion has been observed since early days of aviation, and can be catastrophic for exposed materials during supersonic flight. A single impact waterjet apparatus is established for mimicking drop impacts at the velocities between 350 m/s and 620 m/s. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer(CFRP) laminates with three different surface morphologies and specimen thicknesses are tested here. A central region with no visible damage has been noticed, surrounded by a “failure ring” with common...     

Design of hybrid-electric aircraft with fault-tolerance considerations

The potential benefits of hybrid-electric or all-electric propulsion have led to a growing interest in this topic over the past decade. Preliminary design of propulsion systems and innovative configurations has been extensively discussed in literature, but steps towards higher levels of technological readiness, optimisation algorithms based on reliable weight estimation and simulation-based mission analysis are required. This paper focuses on the integration of a method for evaluating the lateral-directional controllability of an aircraft within a design chain that integrates aero-propulsive interactions, accurate modelling of the fuel system, and mid-fidelity estimation of the structural weight. Furthermore, the present work proposes a strategy for powerplant management in scenarios with an inoperative chain element. Benefits of hybrid-electric propulsion on the design of the vertical tail plane are evaluated involving the analysis of multiple failure scenarios and certification requirements. The proposed application concerns a commuter aircraft.     

混杂纤维复合材料层板的抗弹冲击性能

为了考察混杂纤维复合材料层板的抗弹冲击性能,采用碳纤维织物或玻璃纤维织物与芳纶纤维织物复合材料层共固化的方式,利用热压罐成型工艺制备了几种具有不同面密度及铺层结构的混杂纤维复合材料层板,并进行抗弹冲击性能测试、表观形貌观察和无损检测分析。结果表明:纯芳纶纤维及混杂纤维复合材料层板的钢弹冲击破坏模式相同,均为表层剪切破坏,中间层分层破坏,背层拉伸断裂破坏;层间混杂顺序对复合材料层板的分层缺陷面积有较大影响,当碳纤维层作为背层时,层板的分层缺陷面积为12 863. 6 mm2小于玻璃纤维层作为背层时(17 400. 5 mm2);当芳纶层作为背板时,混杂纤维复合材料层板冲击后分层缺陷面积与纯芳纶的相当(14 151. 0～14 927. 0 mm2)。混杂纤维复合材料对层板的抗弹冲击性能有较大影响,混杂后复合材料的弹道极限速度(v50)均有一定程度的提高,其中玻璃纤维/芳纶复合材料的v50从纯芳纶复合材料层板的193. 08提高至204. 33 m/s。将碳纤维层或玻璃纤维层作为着弹面层的混杂纤维复合材料层板具有更优异的抗弹冲击性能,其贯穿比吸能(BPI)均优于纯芳纶复合材料层板。