宏观机敏机构的振动主动控制

研究了具有压电作动器与应变传感器的柔性连杆机构的振动主动控制问题。应用复模态理论对宏观机敏机构的动力学方程进行解耦,建立了包含系统噪声与观测噪声的受控系统状态空间表达式,并分别设计了离散LQG状态反馈控制器与离散Kalma。滤波器。宏观机敏机构的在线振动控制实验表明,柔性连杆的应变峰值降低了80％,机构的动力学性能得到了显著改善。     

海洋环境下服役飞机铝合金零件腐蚀失效分析

对出口旅游观光用飞机的铝合金零件在热带海洋气候环境服役条件下所发生的腐蚀问题进行了分析探讨.通过铝合金零件发生腐蚀的微观形貌和腐蚀产物成分等的分析,结合飞机所处环境条件,讨论了铝合金零件的腐蚀类型和发生剥蚀的过程及原因,并分析了其发生剥蚀的机理.认为海洋环境中的氯离子是造成沿海飞机铝合金零件腐蚀的外因,而内因是飞机零件的表面防腐蚀设计与防护不足,腐蚀的发展过程是铝合金零件表面点腐蚀、晶间腐蚀直至剥蚀,腐蚀产物造成的应力是促进分层剥离的原因.针对这种表面腐蚀防护问题,提出了相应的改进措施.      

空间柔性机构运动可靠性分析

根据空间柔性机构运动可靠性的特点,利用浮动坐标系和模态柔性建立了柔性机构动力学微分方程, 并给出其迭代算法的数值求解方法.研究了柔性机构运动可靠性分析仿真方法,包括一次二阶矩法和高效响应面法,特别是针对空间柔性机构运动可靠性的特点,分析了以上方法的适用性.最后,应用ADAMS软件中柔性多体动力学建模、分析和仿真功能,并结合自主开发软件工具序列响应面法S RSM(Sequence Response Surfance Method),成功地对某空间展开机构的运动可靠性进行了分析仿真.      

3PSS并联机构的运动特性分析

对3PSS并联机构的运动特性进行了深入地分析,从理论上证明了该机构的动平台的运动为平动,并应用虚拟样机技术进行了验证.接着又进一步分析了动平台的运动空间,给出了动平台运动空间的理论分析的解析描述,并绘制出了动平台运动空间的三维几何图形,这为动平台的运动轨迹规划奠定了基础.      

应用于飞行器风洞试验的绳牵引并联机构技术综述

首先概述了法国航空局SACSO项目关于绳牵引并联机构应用于飞行器风洞试验的研究工作,然后从六自由度绳牵引并联机构的结构设计、运动学及性能分析、工作空间的分析与综合、静刚度分析、运动控制和力控制等六方面,详细分析了六自由度绳牵引并联机构应用于飞行器风洞试验中的关键技术。分析结果表明:六自由度绳牵引并联机构必须根据飞行器的类型,以工作空间大小为依据进行构型设计;其运动控制方案可借用PID控制或自适应控制,其优点是便于动力学模型的线性化和解耦;其力控制方案可借用经典的阻抗控制和力/位置混合控制,但适用于飞行器风洞试验的六自由度绳牵引并联机构的更完善的力控制策略还有待进一步的研究。     

New insights into SNR evolution revealed by the discovery of recombining plasmas

We report the discovery of recombining plasmas in three supernova remnants (SNRs) with the Suzaku X-ray astronomy satellite. During SNR’s evolution, the expanding supernova ejecta and the ambient matter are compressed and heated by the reverse and forward shocks to form an X-ray emitting hot plasma. Since ionization proceeds slowly compared to shock heating, most young or middle-aged SNRs have ionizing (underionized) plasmas. Owing to high sensitivity of Suzaku, however, we have detected radiative recombination continua (RRCs) from the SNRs IC 443, W49B, and G359.1–0.5. The presence of the strong RRC is the definitive evidence that the plasma is recombining (overionized). As a possible origin of the overionization, an interaction between the ejecta and dense circumstellar matter is proposed; the highly ionized gas was made at the initial phase of the SNR evolution in dense regions, and subsequent rapid adiabatic expansion caused sudden cooling of the electrons. The analysis on the full X-ray band spectrum of IC 443, which is newly presented in this paper, provides a consistent picture with this scenario. We also comment on the implications from the fact that all the SNRs having recombining plasmas are correlated with the mixed-morphology class.     

Variable stiffness design of redundantly actuated planar rotational parallel mechanisms

Redundantly actuated planar rotational parallel mechanisms (RAPRPMs) adapt to the requirements of robots under different working conditions by changing the antagonistic internal force to tune their stiffness. The geometrical parameters of the mechanism impact the performances of modulating stiffness. Analytical expressions relating stiffness and geometrical parameters of the mechanism were formulated to obtain the necessary conditions of variable stiffness. A novel method of variable stiffness design was presented to optimize the geometrical parameters of the mechanism. The stiffness variation with the internal force was maximized. The dynamic change of stiffness with the dynamic location of the mechanism was minimized, and the robustness of stiff-ness during the motion of the mechanism was ensured. This new approach to variable stiffness design can enable off-line planning of the internal force to avoid the difficulties of on-line control of the internal force.     

The beginning of cosmic ray astrophysics

A short history of the beginning of cosmic ray (CR) astrophysics is considered: from the hypothesis on CR origin as a result of Supernova explosions in the Metagalaxy, to a model of solar origin of CR, galactic origin based on the stochastic mechanism of charged particle acceleration in interstellar space, to extragalactic and hierarchical models of CR origin, as well as galactic CR origin taking into account radio-astronomical data. We consider also the first balloon results on the chemical contents of primary CR (especially of the contents Li, Be, B), important for any model of CR origin. Investigations of the injection problem, CR drift and diffusion acceleration by shock waves, and CR generation in Supernova remnants were also important steps in the beginning of CR astrophysics.     

带弹性元件扑翼机构的动力学分析及实验

为研究扑翼飞行器传动机构的能量特性，以特拉华大学机械系统实验室所研制样机为原型进行了建模。引入气动项和拉力弹簧建立了完整的动力学模型。分析发现，气动项的力矩峰值为惯性项的4.8倍，对电机的转矩峰值的影响起主要作用。运用正交法进行仿真发现，引入拉力弹簧可以使电机转矩峰值最大降低77.5%，与理论分析相符合。进一步的物理实验验证了理论分析和仿真结果的正确性，并得到了当弹簧的连接点位置为185 mm、原长为200 mm及刚度为0.1 N/mm时实验结果取得最优值，可为扑翼机传动机构的优化设计提供依据。此外，引入弹性元件也可有效降低电机的转速波动，进而为仿生扑翼飞行器的生产和实践应用提供理论指导。     

金属基复合材料的强化机制

复合材料的强化机制和强度预报一直是材料学的研究热点 ,因为这涉及到材料的组织设计问题。以往的研究对于金属基复合材料的强化机理有很多种说法 ,而且提出了大量的模型 ,但迄今为止缺乏一个统一而完善的理论。本文总结分析了近年来有关金属基复合材料的强化机制和一些相关的模型 ,并指出了这些强化机制的不足和以后的发展趋势