Multi-objective output-feedback control for microsatellite attitude control: An LMI approach

Mixed H₂/H_∞ output-feedback controller with pole placement constraints against the internal uncertainty of moment-of-inertia variation and space environmental disturbances is proposed for mircosatellite attitude control. The multi-objective controller is designed based on linear model of attitude dynamics. The H_∞ performance takes into account both robustness stability against moments-of-inertia uncertainty and the disturbance rejection aspect. H₂ performance takes into account the LQG aspect which avoids the undesirable wheels’ saturation effect. In addition, the closed-loop poles can be forced into some sector of the stable half-plane to obtain well-damped transient responses. The problem is then reduced to a convex optimization involving linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), so it can be efficiently solved. The simulation results demonstrate that the presented mixed H₂/H_∞ control system is robust stable and optimal in the sense of H₂ norm, and has good steady-state and dynamic performances against the parameter uncertainties and various disturbances for the microsatellite attitude control system.     

LC9材料S—N曲线的测定及数据处理

根据ＬＣ９疲劳试验情况，阐述了Ｓ－Ｎ曲线的测定、绘制及数据处理方法；简要介绍了ＬＣ９应力集中系数５的疲劳特征，及在指定寿命（Ｎ＝１０＾７）下的条件平均疲劳极限值。     

The primordial Helium-4 abundance determination: systematic effects

By extrapolating to O/H = N/H = 0 the empirical correlations Y–O/H and Y–N/H defined by a relatively large sample of 45 Blue Compact Dwarfs (BCDs), we have obtained a primordial ⁴Helium mass fraction Y _p=0.2443±0.0015 with dY/dZ=2.4±1.0. This result is in excellent agreement with the average Y _p=0.2452±0.0015 determined in the two most metal-deficient BCDs known, I Zw 18 (Z /50) and SBS 0335–052 (Z /41), where the correction for He production is smallest. The quoted error (1) of 1% is statistical and does not include systematic effects. We examine various systematic effects including collisional excitation of hydrogen lines, ionization structure and temperature fluctuation effects, and underlying stellar Hei absorption, and conclude that combining all systematic effects, our Y _p may be underestimated by 2–4%. Taken at face value, our Y _p implies a baryon-to-photon number ratio =(4.7^+1.0 _–0.8)×10^–10 and a baryon mass fraction _b h ² ₁₀₀=0.017±0.005 (2), consistent with the values obtained from deuterium and Cosmic Microwave Background measurements. Correcting Y _p upward by 2–4% would make the agreement even better.     

The Coma of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

As comet 9P/Tempel 1 approaches the Sun in 2004–2005, a temporary atmosphere, or “coma,” will form, composed of molecules and dust expelled from the nucleus as its component icy volatiles sublimate. Driven mainly by water ice sublimation at surface temperatures T > 200 K, this coma is a gravitationally unbound atmosphere in free adiabatic expansion. Near the nucleus (≤ 10² km), it is in collisional equilibrium, at larger distances (≥10⁴ km) it is in free molecular flow. Ultimately the coma components are swept into the comet’s plasma and dust tails or simply dissipate into interplanetary space. Clues to the nature of the cometary nucleus are contained in the chemistry and physics of the coma, as well as with its variability with time, orbital position, and heliocentric distance. The DI instrument payload includes CCD cameras with broadband filters covering the optical spectrum, allowing for sensitive measurement of dust in the comet’s coma, and a number of narrowband filters for studying the spatial distribution of several gas species. DI also carries the first near-infrared spectrometer to a comet flyby since the VEGA mission to Halley in 1986. This spectrograph will allow detection of gas emission lines from the coma in unprecedented detail. Here we discuss the current state of understanding of the 9P/Tempel 1 coma, our expectations for the measurements DI will obtain, and the predicted hazards that the coma presents for the spacecraft. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Deep Impact Mission Design

The Deep Impact mission is designed to provide the first opportunity to probe below the surface of a comet nucleus by a high-speed impact. This requires finding a suitable comet with launch and encounter conditions that allow a meaningful scientific experiment. The overall design requires the consideration of many factors ranging from environmental characteristics of the comet (nucleus size, dust levels, etc.), to launch dates fitting within the NASA Discovery program opportunities, to launch vehicle capability for a large impactor, to the observational conditions for the two approaching spacecraft and for telescopes on Earth.     

The History and Dynamics of Comet 9P/Tempel 1

Since its discovery in 1867, periodic comet 9P/Tempel 1 has been observed at 10 returns to perihelion, including all its returns since 1967. The observations for the seven apparitions beginning in 1967 have been fit with an orbit that includes only radial and transverse nongravitational accelerations that model the rocket-like thrusting introduced by the outgassing of the cometary nucleus. The successful nongravitational acceleration model did not assume any change in the comet’s ability to outgas from one apparition to the next and the outgassing was assumed to reach a maximum at perihelion. The success of this model over the 1967–2003 interval suggests that the comet’s spin axis is currently stable. Rough calculations suggest that the collision of the impactor released by the Deep Impact spacecraft will not provide a noticeable perturbation on the comet’s orbit nor will any new vent that is opened as a result of the impact provide a noticeable change in the comet’s nongravitational acceleration history. The observing geometries prior to, and during, the impact will allow extensive Earth based observations to complement the in situ observations from the impactor and flyby spacecraft.     

基于MC145152的VOR地面信标模仿仪频率合成器的设计与实现

提出了VOR地面信标模仿仪对频率合成器的要求,介绍了集成锁相环芯片MC145152的工作特性,验证了基于MC145152的PLL频率合成器在VOR地面信标模仿仪中的设计与实现的有效性。测试结果证明设计的合理性与实用性,系统频率稳定度优于10-7。     

美军“宙斯盾”基线9型作战系统试验分析

“宙斯盾”战斗系统是美国海军现役最重要的整合式水面舰艇作战系统,“宙斯盾”基线9作战系统是“宙斯盾”作战系统的最新升级型。论述了美军“宙斯盾”基线9型作战系统的进展、试验概况以及其未来发展计划,研究分析了“宙斯盾”基线9型作战系统的发展特点。     

人控交会对接九自由度半物理仿真试验系统设计及验证

以人控交会对接半物理仿真试验需求为背景,提出了可对人控交会对接控制系统单机敏感器性能和控制律设计方案进行仿真验证的人控交会对接九自由度半物理仿真试验系统的设计方法,给出了利用该设计方法对神舟九号飞船人控交会对接控制系统的仿真验证结果.神舟九号飞船与天宫一号目标飞行器首次在轨人控交会对接的工程实践结果表明,人控交会对接九自由度半物理仿真试验系统的设计方法正确.     

Performance prediction and flowfield analysis of rotors in hover, using a coupled Euler/boundary layer method

The performance prediction of helicopter in hover is of key importance for manufacturers because hover is a design configuration for the definition of a rotorcraft. A lot of effort has been made for more than 10 years all over the world in order to develop and validate numerical methods based on CFD. An Euler method (WAVES) developed by ONERA and coupled with a boundary layer code (MI3DI) is presented, validated and applied to compute the total performance of rotors with different tip shapes. A new boundary condition for the Euler code has been tested and enables better calculation by eliminating ‘numerical' recirculation. The code has demonstrated its ability to rank two rotors with different planforms in good agreement with experiment. Under industrial requirements new grid strategies have been studied and should allow to reduce CPU time consumption. It is shown that WAVES/MI3DI can be efficiently used in the aerodynamic design process of a new rotor.