The beginning of cosmic ray astrophysics

A short history of the beginning of cosmic ray (CR) astrophysics is considered: from the hypothesis on CR origin as a result of Supernova explosions in the Metagalaxy, to a model of solar origin of CR, galactic origin based on the stochastic mechanism of charged particle acceleration in interstellar space, to extragalactic and hierarchical models of CR origin, as well as galactic CR origin taking into account radio-astronomical data. We consider also the first balloon results on the chemical contents of primary CR (especially of the contents Li, Be, B), important for any model of CR origin. Investigations of the injection problem, CR drift and diffusion acceleration by shock waves, and CR generation in Supernova remnants were also important steps in the beginning of CR astrophysics.     

Reconnection and fast particle production in tokamak and solar plasmas

Detailed in situ studies of magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration, which play a crucial role in the release and redistribution of energy in solar flares, can be performed in tokamak plasmas under conditions resembling those of the flaring solar corona. Recent measurements and modelling of fast particle production during reconnection events in the Mega-Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST) are described. Specifically, observations in this device of electron acceleration during edge localised modes, and of both ion and electron acceleration during merging-compression plasma start-up, are presented, and possible implications of these studies for particle acceleration in flares are discussed. The results from MAST lend weight to the conjecture that large numbers of ions are accelerated to sub-MeV energies in flares.     

高动态下惯性加速度辅助三阶锁相环性能分析

针对高阶跟踪环路稳定性比低阶环路差,大带宽带来测量误差大的问题。研究在高动态环境下,惯导加速度信息辅助卫星接收机三阶载波锁相环跟踪算法,以及不同环路参数下跟踪环路的性能。对载体高动态场景、加速度信息延迟进行建模,并对算法进行了数学仿真。仿真分析结果表明,在加速度信息辅助下,即使压缩载波跟踪环路等效噪声带宽到3Hz,在高达1200g/s的加速度动态下,环路跟踪同样稳定可靠。     

Cosmological Shock Waves

Large-scale structure formation, accretion and merging processes, AGN activity produce cosmological gas shocks. The shocks convert a fraction of the energy of gravitationally accelerated flows to internal energy of the gas. Being the main gas-heating agent, cosmological shocks could amplify magnetic fields and accelerate energetic particles via the multi-fluid plasma relaxation processes. We first discuss the basic properties of standard single-fluid shocks. Cosmological plasma shocks are expected to be collisionless. We then review the plasma processes responsible for the microscopic structure of collisionless shocks. A tiny fraction of the particles crossing the shock is injected into the non-thermal energetic component that could get a substantial part of the ram pressure power dissipated at the shock. The energetic particles penetrate deep into the shock upstream producing an extended shock precursor. Scaling relations for postshock ion temperature and entropy as functions of shock velocity in strong collisionless multi-fluid shocks are discussed. We show that the multi-fluid nature of collisionless shocks results in excessive gas compression, energetic particle acceleration, precursor gas heating, magnetic field amplification and non-thermal emission. Multi-fluid shocks provide a reduced gas entropy production and could also modify the observable thermodynamic scaling relations for clusters of galaxies.     

卫星结构振动试验中的力控技术

介绍了卫星结构振动试验中力控技术的原理、特点，以及国外力控技术的研究和应用。通过与传统单轴加速度响应控制方法的对比，阐述了力和加速度双控技术对防止振动试验中过实验和欠实验的作用。分析表明该技术对实现卫星结构合理设计具有重要意义。最后提出了发展我国力控技术的建议。     

对接综合试验台轨迹规划算法研究

为实现模拟空间两飞行器对接动力学过程的对接综合试验台的平稳对接，提出了一种基于加速度控制的轨迹规划算法。给出了不同初始条件下的规划方法，以及时转动自由度的特殊处理。物理试验结果表明，规划模型能精确控制平台从初始零位运动到主被动对接机构初次接触位置，且最后时刻平台姿态与对接试验的初始条件完全吻合。该算法可直接用于对接综合试验台的控制。     

某航天器姿态控制机组随机振动响应分析

根据结构件宽带随机振动原理,用NASTRAN有限元分析软件对某航天器姿态控制机组的随机振动应力进行了动力学分析。用大质量法模拟基础加速度激励,用模态法计算频率响应。分析表明,计算值与试验结果基本一致。该分析法可在设计阶段用于预示产品的随机振动响应。     

遥测数据重建弹道校正方法

弹道导弹遥测系统数据丢帧一般采用直接插值法进行校正,这对导弹运动速度和位置而言精度不高。文中在分析弹道导弹运动特性的基础上,提出视速度增量校正方法,仿真表明该方法的计算精度高于直接插值计算方法。在此基础上利用该方法对速度和位置数据进行了增密,得到了步长小、精度高的增密数据。     

论加速可靠性增长试验(Ⅳ)分组数据的数值方法

基于Arrhenius-幂律模型，给出了分析恒定应力加速可靠性增长试验（CSARGT）分组数据的数值方法，它们包括对CSARGT四项基本假定的统计检验，在诸加速应力水平Si下幂律模型参数与MTBF的极大似然估计（MLE）与区间估计，加速方和系数的最佳线性一无偏估计（BLUE），加速系数与正常应力水平S0下折算的MTBF的区间估计，并用数值例说明了这些方法。     

弹用涡喷发动机飞行试验启动加速性能仿真

结合导弹飞行的应用实际，利用有限的部件特性，建立了弹用涡喷发动机启动加速至巡航状态全过程的动态性能仿真模型。对仿真模型计算结果进行了分析，模型计算结果与飞行试验数据吻合较好。该模型的建立对导弹发射过程发动机性能的分析具有重要的现实意义。