改进的电热除冰系统的仿真方法

建立了电热除冰系统矩形微段的二维简化物理模型，采用焓法模型建立相变导热问题的微分控制方程，用控制容积法对该模型的控制方程及其边界、初始条件进行离散，使用块修正技术对原有的离散方程组的求解方法进行了改进，得到各个时刻的温度分布及冰的融解情况。计算结果与国外文献结果吻合，验证了改进的算法和程序的正确性。并计算分析了时间步长的选择、网格的划分对计算结果的影响。     

空间遥感器用环路热管瞬态数值模拟与在轨验证

为满足空间遥感器环路热管（LHP）在轨应用需求，建立了高分九号卫星电荷耦合器件（CCD）用LHP瞬态数值模型。模型采用了节点-网络法和流动与传热关系式耦合的方法，考虑了蒸发器与储液器之间的传热传质过程。通过仿真与在轨数据的对比，发现LHP内部组件温度偏差为0.2~0.4℃，冷凝器测点温度偏差为0.5~2.0℃；预热器通过干度的变化调节了冷凝器外热流和热源工作模式的影响；热源的工作模式对蒸发器向储液器漏热、回路流阻及两相段长度均有影响。所提模型可用于不同轨道外热流及热源工作模式下，研究LHP内部各参数的变化规律，预测LHP系统的瞬态工作特性，并指导后续产品的设计与研发。      

液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封温度场及热载变形研究

基于ANSYS数值计算软件,建立了液体火箭发动机涡轮泵用机械密封的二维稳态传热模型,依靠经验公式确定了模型的对流换热系数。计算了密封环的温度场和热载变形,分析了密封端面比压、回流流量以及不同材质对密封温度场的影响规律。结果表明:密封端面最高温度发生在靠近密封环内径处,且密封端面比压越大密封环温度梯度越大;密封环热载变形呈收敛间隙,最大变形发生在动环端面的外径处,其值约为2.2μm;密封环端面最高温度随回流流量增加而减小,当回流流量从0.1~0.6 kg/s变化时,密封环端面最高温度可降低18%(从100℃降至82℃);当回流流量增大到0.3 kg/s时,继续提高对密封环端面温升的控制不再显著;采用高导热系数的摩擦副材料能够显著降低端面温升和温度梯度,提高密封工作可靠性。     

姿轨控发动机开机充填和关机传热特性

以双组元姿轨控液体火箭发动机为研究对象,为提高其响应速度和安全可靠性,通过实验和仿真对其开机充填和关机传热特性进行了研究。开展了透明喷注器试验件瞬态流动过程的实验研究,采用高速相机进行液流拍摄,对喷注器试验件瞬态流动过程进行仿真计算,并与实验结果进行对比,验证了流体体积模型计算的合理性。仿真结果表明地面状态各安装方向下...     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧室主动冷却设计研究

超燃冲压发动机燃烧室主动冷却模型制造和热考核试验的费用高昂、周期长,为了降低试验风险,采用三维计算和经济的验证试验相结合的方法开展了超燃冲压发动机燃烧室主动冷却设计。冷却结构基本参数设计和侧壁冷却流动设计是确定设计方案的两大基础,前者采用三维传热计算结合冷却面板传热验证试验完成,后者采用超临界燃料流动三维并行计算结合水流动验证试验完成。在此基础上,经过多轮的结构设计与三维传热及强度计算评估迭代,确定了最终的燃烧室主动冷却结构。设计的主动冷却燃烧室在来流马赫数2.5,总温1700K条件下成功通过200s热考核试验,表明所采用的设计方法、验证试验和计算工具是有效和可信的。     

主动冷却燃烧室燃烧与传热耦合过程迭代分析设计方法

为了对主动冷却超燃冲压发动机进行研究与设计,采用实验与计算相结合的方法,对主动冷却超燃冲压发动机燃烧室内传热与燃烧的耦合过程进行了分析。该方法采用燃烧室静压分布的测量值作为输入条件,开展燃气-结构-燃料耦合传热分析,获得经过冷却系统后燃料的状态参数;将燃料的状态参数作为实验参数,开展直联式超声速燃烧实验,得到新的静压分布,如此反复迭代,直至燃料状态不再变化,最终确定主动冷却燃烧室的各种传热与燃烧特性参数。利用该分析方法,初步开展了不同飞行马赫数条件下主动冷却燃烧室闭环运行状态研究,得到了冷却煤油温度与燃烧室壁温同飞行马赫数的关系。     

A practical nonlinear robust control approach of electro-hydraulic load simulator

This paper studies a nonlinear robust control algorithm of the electro-hydraulic load simulator （EHLS）. The tracking performance of the EHLS is mainly limited by the actuator＇s motion disturbance, flow nonlinearity, and friction, etc. The developed controller is developed based on the nonlinear motion loading model. The problems of the actuator＇s disturbance and flow nonlinearity are considered. To address the friction problem, the friction model of the loading motor is identified experimentally. The friction disturbance is compensated using the obtained friction model. Therefore, this paper considers the main three factors comprehensively. The developed algorithm is easy to apply since the controller can be obtained just with one step back-stepping design. The stability of the developed algorithm is proven via Lyapunov analysis. Both co-simulation and experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness of this method.     

Application in prestiction friction compensation for angular velocity loop of inertially stabilized platforms

To overcome the influence of the nonlinear friction on the gimbaled servo-system of an inertial stabilized platforms(ISPs) with DC motor direct-drive, the methods of modeling and compensation of the nonlinear friction are proposed. Firstly, the inapplicability of LuGre model when trying to interpret the backward angular displacement in the prestiction regime is observed experimentally and the reason is deduced theoretically. Then, based on the dynamic model of direct-drive ISPs, a modified LuGre model is proposed to describe the characteristic of the friction in the prestiction regime. Furthermore, the state switch condition of the three friction regimes including presliding, gross sliding and prestiction is presented. Finally, a composite compensation controller including a nonlinear friction observer and a feedforward compensator based on the novel LuGre model is designed to restrain the nonlinear friction and to improve the control precision. Experimental results indicate that compared with those of the conventional proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) control method and the PID plus LuGre model-based friction compensation method, the dwell-time has decreased from 0.2 s to almost 0 s, the position error decreased to 86.7%and the peak-to-peak value of position error decreased to 80% after the novel compensation controller is added. It concludes that the composite compensation controller can greatly improve the control precision of the dynamic sealed ISPs.     

Friction moment analysis of space gyroscope bearing with ribbon cage under ultra-low oscillatory motion

This paper presents the model of calculating the total friction moment of space gyroscope ball bearings which usually work under ultra-low oscillatory motion and are very sensitive to the friction moment. The aim is to know the proportion of the friction moment caused by each frictional source in the bearing＇s total friction moment, which is helpful to optimize the bearing design to deduce the friction moment. In the model, the cage dynamic equations considering six degree-of-freedom and the balls dynamic equations considering two degree-of-freedom were solved.The good trends with different loads between the measured friction moments and computational results prove that the model under constant rate was validated. The computational results show that when the speed was set at 5 r/min, the bearing＇s maximum total friction moment when oscillation occurred was obviously larger than that occurred at a constant rate. At the onset of each oscillatory motion, the proportion of the friction moment caused by cage in the bearing＇s total friction moment was very high, and it increased with the increasing speed. The analyses of different cage thicknesses and different clearances between cage pocket and ball show that smaller thickness and clearance were preferred.     

肋开孔高度对大宽高比矩形通道流动传热的影响

为了获得大宽高比矩形通道内开孔肋的流动与传热特性,采用数值模拟的方法在开孔肋的肋高e/Dh=0.188、开孔率β=0.131时研究了通道的摩擦系数、努塞尔数等参数随孔排高度和雷诺数的变化规律。结果表明:与实体肋相比,开孔肋能够减小通道的摩擦系数并提高其壁面温度分布的均匀性,但是传热增强因子有所减小;随着孔排高度的提升,通道的摩擦系数单调减小,壁面温度分布的不均匀度增大,而传热增强因子则先增大后减小,因此存在一最优孔排高度(h/e)opt=0.65使开孔肋的强化传热综合指标达到最大值;随着雷诺数的增大,开孔肋通道的摩擦系数缓慢减小、换热逐渐增强,这与实体肋的变化规律是类似的。