定常基线卫星编队构形设计

采用动力学法研究了卫星编队的相对运动特性,根据星间相对基线的定义,仔细推导了星间相对基线与卫星编队构形参数之间的关系,并根据此关系定义了一种可以较好地反映星间相对基线运动稳定性的指标,即稳定度.在一个轨道周期内,分析了三种特殊卫星编队的最大水平基线和最大垂直基线在相同稳定度下的稳定时间.结果表明,这三种编队构形不能满足水平基线和垂直基线同时定常的要求.由此出发,重点研究了可以使星间相对基线定常的条件,并得出了相应的结论.水平基线定常的充要条件为三个约束关系式,垂直基线定常的充要条件为两个约束关系式.由此条件同时可知,两星编队无法满足水平基线和垂直基线同时定常的要求,因此,至少需要三星编队才可以达到此要求.最后,按照本文所得结论,设计了一个水平基线和垂直基线同时定常的三星编队.利用成熟软件对设计结果进行了分析,分析结果表明了本设计方法的正确性.      

空间绳系编队的动力学及稳定展开控制研究

以三角构型的空间绳系编队系统为对象开展了动力学特性分析和稳定展开控制研究。首先，针对以往编队动力学建模的精度问题，采用Lagrange法建立了系统动力学模型，建模时充分考虑了系绳的弹性，可在不增加计算量的同时保留系统的弹性特性。其次，根据所建立的动力学模型，定量分析了编队自旋稳定时自转角速度的范围，为之后的稳定展开控制提供理论依据。由于受制于执行机构精度和控制输入的限制，空间绳系编队系统是一个典型的欠驱动系统，采用分层滑模实现编队的稳定展开控制，仿真结果验证了该控制方法的有效性。     

Effect of W addition on phase transformation and microstructure of powder metallurgic Ti-22Al-25Nb alloys during quenching and furnace cooling

Powder metallurgic Ti2 AlNb alloys with W addition are sintered at 900, 1000, 1070 °C,and 1150 °C(i.e., in the O + B2, a_2+ B2 + O, a_2+ B2, and single B2 phase regions, respectively)for 12 h, followed by water quenching and furnace cooling. Comparisons of phase and microstructure between quenched and furnace-cooled W-modified alloys are carried out to illustrate the phase transformation and microstructure evolution during the cooling process. Furthermore, a comparison is also made between W-modified and W-free alloys, to reveal the function of the W alloying.W addition accelerates the solutions of a_2 and O phases during the high-temperature holding, and a Widmannsta¨tten B2 + O structure, which contributes to the properties, is induced by furnace cooling from all the phase regions. The Widmannsta¨tten structure includes a B2 matrix, primary O, and secondary O precipitates. However, W alloying refines the Widmannsta¨tten structure only when the alloys are solution-treated and then cooled from the single B2 phase. Although the hardness of the W-modified alloys is lower than that of the W-free alloys sintered in the same phase region, an enhancement of hardness, 489 ± 18 HV, is obtained in the alloy solution-treated in the single B2 phase region for only 0.5 h.     

Fast cooperative trajectory optimization and test verification for close-range satellite formation using Finite Fourier Series method

The process of formation reconfiguration for close-range satellite formation should take into account the risk of collisions between satellites. To this end, this paper presents a method to rapidly generate low-thrust collision-avoidance trajectories in the formation reconfiguration using Finite Fourier Series (FFS). The FFS method can rapidly generate the collision-avoidance three-dimensional trajectory. The results obtained by the FFS method are used as an initial guess in the Gauss Pseudospectral Method (GPM) solver to verify the applicability of the results. Compared with the GPM method, the FFS method needs very little computing time to obtain the results with very little difference in performance index. To verify the effectiveness, the proposed method is tested and validated by a formation control testbed. Three satellite simulators in the testbed are used to simulate two-dimensional satellite formation reconfiguration. The simulation and experimental results show that the FFS method can rapidly generate trajectories and effectively reduce the risk of collision between satellites. This fast trajectory generation method has great significance for on-line, constantly satellite formation reconfiguration.     

距离多普勒成像和多散射点定位

距离多普勒雷达成像系统的基本任务是利用雷达回波信号的距离和多普勒信息重构目标反射率的空间分布。本文把用逆合成孔径雷达对运动目标进行距离多普勒成像当作多散射点定位问题来研究,把成像雷达信号处理的两个关键,运动补偿和成像作为最大似然估计问题一起求解。原则上需进行多维搜索,一般情况下,目标上散射点的个数、位置以及目标的轨道运动都先验未知,这种求解的计算量极大。在若干合理的假设成立时,可引入DFT,免去估计散射点个数和位置,大大减少搜索维数,并可利用FFT,从而大大提高计算效率。这样做的代价是最终的成像质量有所下降。当目标轨道运动模型可用二次的距离时间函数描述时,只需进行二维搜索,文中导出了进一步简化的相位补偿和成像算法,并给出了计算机模拟结果。     

基于扰动观测器的无人机固定时间编队协同控制

针对无人机的编队控制问题,基于虚拟领航者编队方法,提出了 1种基于固定时间超螺旋干扰观测器的反步控制策略。首先,设计了 1种固定时间超螺旋扰动观测器,以保证在固定时间内,对无人机编队机动所受扰动的快速观测;其次,针对编队控制问题,设计了基于超螺旋扰动观测器的反步控制策略,该控制器显著降低了抖振效应;然后,使用李雅普诺夫理论和固定时间理论,分析了控制策略的固定时间稳定性;最后,通过仿真算例验证了所提出的控制策略的有效性与可行性。     

基于终端滑模的无人机编队协同控制

文章研究了具有输入受限及外部干扰的无人机编队有限时间协同控制问题。首先,引入抗饱和辅助系统来解决执行器的饱和问题,利用自适应方法对扰动上界进行估计和补偿;然后,设计新型全局快速终端滑模的控制器,使得编队内各无人机在有限时间内收敛到指定的编队位置,并通过李雅普诺夫稳定性分析方法,证明控制方法的有效性;最后,对提出的控制方法进行数字仿真,验证了实际可行性。     

Cutting force model and damage formation mechanism in milling of 70wt% Si/Al composite

High-mass fraction silicon aluminium composite(Si/Al composite) has unique properties of high specific strength, low thermal expansion coefficient, excellent wear resistance and weldability. It has attracted many applications in terms of radar communication, aerospace and automobile industry. However, rapid tool wear resulted from high cutting force and hard abrasion, and damaged machined surfaces are the main problem in machining Si/Al composite. This work aims to reveal the mechanisms of milli...     

FeAlCrBSiNb非晶涂层形成机理和摩擦磨损行为

研发了一种FeAlCrBSiNb粉芯丝材,采用高速电弧喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备相应涂层.通过SEM,TEM和XRD表征涂层微观组织和相成分,阐述FeAlCrBSiNb非晶涂层的形成机理,利用显微硬度计,万能拉伸试验机和环-块式摩擦磨损试验机,分析涂层力学性能和摩擦磨损行为.结果表明:涂层主要由非晶相和弥散分布其中的α-(Fe),(Fe,Cr),CrB和Fe3Al微晶纳米晶相组成,非晶相体积含量大于91.3％;涂层呈层状结构,结构致密,总体孔隙率约为2％;平均显微硬度值为850 HV0.1,是基体45钢的4倍;优良的磨损抗力使其相对耐磨性是45钢的5倍,其磨损机制主要为剥落引起的剥落磨损.     

Decentralized attitude synchronization tracking control for multiple spacecraft under directed communication topology

This paper studies the attitude synchronization tracking control of spacecraft formation flying with a directed communication topology and presents three different controllers. By introducing a novel error variable associated with rotation matrix, a decentralized attitude synchronization controller, which could obtain almost global asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system, is developed. Then, considering model uncertainties and unknown external disturbances, we propose a robust adaptive attitude synchronization controller by designing adaptive laws to estimate the unknown parameters. After that, the third controller is proposed by extending this method to the case of time-varying communication delays via Lyapunov–Krasovskii analysis. The distinctive feature of this work is to address attitude coordinated control with model uncertainties, unknown disturbances and time-varying delays in a decentralized framework, with a strongly connected directed information flow. It is shown that tracking and synchronization of an arbitrary desired attitude can be achieved when the stability condition is satisfied. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.