智能机床的误差补偿技术

误差补偿技术是智能机床精度提高与保持的关键技术之一.分析了国内外机床误差补偿技术研究现状,提出智能机床误差补偿技术总框架;总结了智能机床误差源、误差元素、几何与热误差的误差元素模型及建模方法,以及典型的误差补偿方法;研究了力误差补偿技术、基于零件在线测量的误差综合补偿技术;最后,对未来智能机床误差补偿技术的发展重点进行展望.     

飞机维修大纲中的任务转移风险评估方法

以波音737NG飞机维修大纲为例,对其依据MSG—3决断逻辑制定的维修大纲中的任务转移风险进行模糊综合评价。使用模糊理论、层次分析法、熵权法和转移修正因子计算维修大纲中任务转移的风险概率值。结果表明,该值符合FAA和EASA的安全标准,方法可行。     

高压涡轮主动间隙控制系统机匣模型试验

设计和搭建了叶尖主动间隙控制系统的核心——可控热变形机匣模型试验验证台,利用机匣温度和变形量等参数的测量,验证了某主动间隙控制设计方案的基本工作特性.试验中通过改变集气腔进气流量,研究了不同试验工况下机匣温度分布规律,获得了机匣径向变形量及其在周向和轴向的分布规律.研究中发现冷却空气管的多孔冲击射流可以有效改变机匣温度,并达到调节机匣变形的最终目的.随着供气雷诺数增加,机匣的热响应时间减小,机匣的收缩速率明显增加,但该增加幅度随着雷诺数的增加而逐步减弱.试验结果表明:机匣径向冷却收缩量基本均匀.由于冷却空气管周向流量分配不均匀,使其周向上最大相对偏差为8.75%.同时冷却空气管结构和供气量差异会导致机匣轴向温度分布不均匀,在该验工况中,机匣径向冷却收缩量在轴向上最大的相对偏差为6.99%.      

负游隙对高速高温薄壁圆柱滚子轴承动态性能的影响分析

计算了圆柱滚子轴承径向游隙为负值时的等效径向预紧载荷,并考虑等效径向预紧载荷下的套圈弹性变形,通过求解包含套圈弹性变形接触变形等效径向预紧载荷的非线性方程组,得到负游隙圆柱滚子轴承内部的载荷分布情况,以及负径向游隙带来的套圈周向应力.以此分析了负游隙对轴承承载性能及疲劳寿命的影响.结果表明:负径向游隙能够有效降低轴承打滑率,但同时也会降低轴承疲劳寿命,因此在负游隙设计时需同时考虑打滑率和轴承寿命,选择恰当的负游隙.     

平箔片楔形高度对气体止推箔片轴承特性影响

针对波箔型气体止推箔片轴承,建立了箔片结构二维薄板模型,并通过有限差分法和有限元法耦合求解可压缩气体Reynolds方程和气膜厚度方程,获得了给定轴承载荷条件下轴承气膜压力分布、气膜厚度分布、平箔片变形量和功率损耗等轴承特性.通过对比楔形高度分别为25,70,100,200,300μm时的轴承特性仿真结果研究了楔形高度对轴承性能的影响.结果表明:降低楔形高度使轴承气膜压力分布更均匀,并降低了平箔片的局部集中载荷.但楔形高度存在一个最佳值,使得达到相同轴承载荷所需的最小气膜厚度最大,并且轴承具有最小功率损耗,提高了轴承的工作效率.该结果为气体止推箔片轴承的结构设计提供的理论参考.      

Advances and trends in plastic forming technologies for welded tubes

With the implementation of environmental protection, sustainable development and conservation-oriented policies, components and parts of thin-walled welded tubes have gained increasing application in the aircraft and automotive industries because of their advantages: easily achieving forming and manufacturing process at low cost and in a short time. The current research on welded tube plastic forming is mainly concentrated on tube internal high-pressure forming, tube bending forming, and tube spinning forming. The focuses are on the material properties and characterization of welded tubes, finite element modeling for welded tube forming, and inhomogeneous deformation behavior and the mechanism and rules of deformation coordination in welded tube plastic forming. This paper summarizes the research progress in welded tube plastic forming from these aspects. Finally, with a focus on the urgent demand of the aviation, aerospace and automotive industries for high-strength and light-weight tubes, this paper discusses the development trends and challenges in the theory and technology of welded tube plastic forming in the future. Among them,laser tailor-welded technology will find application in the manufacture of high-strength steel tubes.Tube-end forming technology, such as tube flaring and flanging technology, will expand its application in welded tubes. Therefore, future studies will focus on the FE modeling regarding how to consider effects of welding on residual stresses, welding distortions and microstructure, the inhomogeneous deformation and coordination mechanism of the plastic forming process of tailor-welded tubes, and some end-forming processes of welded tubes, and more comprehensive research on the forming mechanism and limit of welded tubes.     

Cross-sectional deformation behavior of double-ridged rectangular tube with fillers in different stages of H-typed bending

The bent double-ridged rectangular tube (DRRT) with high forming quality is helpful to improve the microwave transmission accuracy. For reducing the cross-sectional deformation in the H-typed bending process, in addition to using rigid mandrel to support the inside of tube, ridge groove fillers are also added to restrict the deformation of ridge grooves. Because of the change of stress and strain state of bent tube in bending, rigid mandrel retracting and specially twice-springback stages, and the springback of fillers, the cross-sectional deformation of tube in each stage may be different. Therefore, based on the ABAQUS platform, the finite element models (FEM) for H-typed bending, mandrel retracting and twice-springback stages of H96 DRRT with fillers were established and validated. It is found that, for the height and width deformation of tube and spacing deformation of ridge grooves, retraction of mandrel can make the distribution of these deformations more uniform along the bending direction. The first springback can reduce these deformations significantly, which should be emphasized. But the second springback only increases them by less amount, which can be ignored. The smaller height deformation of ridge groove and filler can be neglected.     

整体弹性结构法及在叶片流固耦合分析中的应用

针对三维叶片时域流固耦合振动响应计算普遍耗时的问题,采用一种假设整体结构的模态位移,求解固体时域响应和实现高效网格变形,发展了一种3维时域流固耦合分析的整体弹性结构方法,并应用于压气机叶片0°和180°相位角的气动稳定性分析中。结果表明,所发展方法的计算结果与传统双向时域算法和文献的结果较为吻合,而计算效率相比于传统算法显著提升;在所分析的两个相位角下,叶片振动的气动阻尼均随流量减小先增大后降低,相比于0°相位角,180°下叶片的气动稳定性大幅提高,表明该方法能有效应用于叶片的工程流固耦合研究。     

面向军用飞机任务能力的健康评估方法

军用飞机健康评估在工程实际中存在应用困难的问题。以军用飞机为研究对象,开展包括面向任务 的能力分析、基于故障劣化的功能分析以及参数化的健康评估等研究,得到基于任务分析的“飞机-任务功 能-影响参数暠两级映射作为健康评估的对象;综合利用劣化度、严酷度及极大熵改进区间层次分析法等多种 方法,得到飞机健康状态评估结果。结合具体实例及参数分析结果,表明该评估方法可信度高,具有较高的工 程实用价值。     

舰载机智能复飞决策技术研究

为了进一步改进复飞技术,针对复飞环境,提出了一种在原军用推力操纵的基础上,加入具有保持迎角恒定的升降舵模糊控制的复飞系统,从而有效地增强了低动压状态下飞机的机动能力。给出了复飞决策准则,设计了基于模糊控制的复飞决策系统,并对具有该复飞决策系统的舰载机自动着舰导引系统进行了仿真验证。结果表明,该复飞决策系统明显地缩小了复飞边界区,大大提高了着舰和复飞的安全性,可实现自动复飞,减轻了飞行员的负担。