大型上单翼飞机机翼三维全场变形测量方案

针对大型上单翼飞机在飞行过程中机翼大挠度变形检测难题,提出了大倾角相机视场下机翼的非接触三维全场变形测量方案。根据上单翼飞机结构特点,将预先标定内参数和相机外参数的共轭相机组安装于飞机垂直尾翼上,采集飞行中的机翼变形图像。首先,提出了大倾角弱相关散斑匹配方法,解决了相机在大倾斜角度状态下采集到的机翼变形弱相关图像相关性差,难以相关匹配的问题。其次,由于测量相机安装于垂直尾翼,飞行测量过程中相机会受到气流扰动产生振动,本文提出了一种相机动态校正方法,通过在机背布置预拉伸刚性不动编码标志点,实时解算基准相机的绝对外参数,进而确定共轭相机的绝对外参数,实现所有测量相机外参数的动态校正。最后,开发了机翼变形全场测量软硬件系统,搭建了缩小比例机翼模型试验台并进行了仿真测量,对系统测量精度进行了比对分析。测量结果验证了本方案的有效性、可行性,对实机测量有一定的指导意义。     

基于遥测数据的无人机气动参数辨识方法研究

针对无人机在高空低速飞行时易受风场影响及在数据分析时遥测数据不完备的问题,进行了气动参数辨识方法研究,提出了基于空速管平面矢量三角形的风场估计方法及基于风场信息修正的气动角估计方法。以某型无人机为例,对遥测数据进行了充分分析与信息综合,运用逐步回归方法进行了纵向气动参数辨识,并进行了实验验证。结果表明,模型计算结果与实测数据吻合较好,说明所提方法有效。考虑到辨识模型的数学本质,该方法对其他固定翼无人机同样适用。     

带先进桨尖的模型旋翼悬停噪声计算与试验

为进行旋翼噪声水平对比，在全消声室开展了3副不同下反角桨尖模型旋翼噪声试验研究，完成了悬停状态下不同总距和不同观测点上的噪声测量试验，获得了多组噪声数据。数值计算方面，以RANS方程为主控方程求解旋翼流场气动信息，在获取精确声源信息的基础上，基于FW-H方程进行噪声计算和分析。在相同的状态下，计算结果与试验结果显示出较好的一致性，表明了本文数值方法的准确性。最后，根据试验结果，对比分析了不同下反角桨尖对旋翼气动 噪声特性的影响规律。     

螺旋桨飞机起飞构型突风影响研究

对于小迎角纵向静不稳定飞机,突风给飞机带来显著的安全隐患,为此,结合飞行品质规范中的突风模型,给出不同概率和不同高度下的突风速度。针对某螺旋桨飞机,计算分析垂直向上和向下突风所引起的飞机迎角变化,获得了起飞状态下可行的飞行速度和高度范围。研究结果表明,垂直向下突风显著地削弱了该类飞机的纵向静稳定性;垂直向上突风显著地减小了其安全迎角裕度。     

Three-dimensional numerical analysis on combustion performance and flow of hybrid rocket motor with multi-segmented grain

This paper presents the combustion characteristics in hybrid rocket motors with multi-segmented grain through three-dimensional numerical simulations. Multi-segmented grain is composed of several thin grains with two or more ports. The numerical model consists of Navier-Stokes equations with turbulence, solid fuel pyrolysis, chemical reactions, a fluid–solid coupling model and a regression rate model. The simulations adopt 90% Hydrogen Peroxide (HP) and PolyEthylene (PE) as the propellant combination. The effects of the rotation, port number, fuel grain segment number and mid-chamber length on the flow field and combustion performances are analyzed. The results indicate that the multi-segmented grain configuration can strengthen the flow field, and the regression rate and combustion efficiency are enhanced. Take the cases with two grain segments and three ports for example, the regression rate is increased by 32.4%−45.1% and the combustion efficiency increases by 6%−8.6% in different rotation angles.     

基于LMS Virtual. Lab的系留气球仿真与优化

系留气球在近地面收放过程中存在俯仰角过大的问题，为了更全面地了解收放过程中不同因素对球体俯仰角的影响，采用LMS Virtua1. Lab建立了带滑轮索具系统的系留气球三维动力学模型进行仿真分析，结果表明，仿真结果与理论计算、测量数据都有较高的符合度。进而运用试验设计( DOE)方法，探索典型风速下球体俯仰角的响应区间。最后基于响应面模型的优化技术，对滑轮索具系统设计进行优化，有效改善了球体在收放过程中俯仰角过大的问题。仿真模型对系留气球系统设计及收放控制有一定的指导作用。     

Data reduction and correction algorithm for digital real-time processing of cosmic ray measurements: NM64 monitoring at Dourbes

We present a data correction algorithm for real-time data processing for the NM64 galactic cosmic ray neutron monitor at the Royal Meteorological Institute (RMI) in Dourbes, Belgium. The correction is based on three main tests: a continuity test, tube ratios test and a derivative test. The continuity test works as a high pass filter with a threshold based on the entire recorded dataset. Additionally, it monitors whether the logging takes place at regular intervals (continuously). The ratios test identifies noisy sections and the final derivative test criterion will identify single or double spikes by testing them against the median increase of the intensities. Using these criteria, all data from the cosmic ray station at Dourbes is corrected in real time. Test results have been compared with data from verified neutron monitor stations with a similar geomagnetic cutoff rigidity.     

火星大气进入段抗饱和固定时间阻力加速度跟踪制导律设计

研究了具有固定时间收敛特性的火星探测器大气进入段的标称轨迹跟踪制导问题。首先，针对横向运动，给出与速度成线性关系的航向误差漏斗走廊形式，完成了倾侧角的反号逻辑设计。与横程漏斗走廊反号逻辑相比，该逻辑计算量小，更适用于宇航计算机。与航向误差宽度走廊反号逻辑相比，该逻辑在高速状态下能够避免倾侧角的频繁切换，可提高任务成功的概率。其次，针对纵向运动，通过RBF神经网络补偿了倾侧角饱和问题，利用积分滑模设计了阻力加速度固定时间饱和跟踪制导律，其不仅可有效消除滑模控制的抖振问题，且将跟踪误差以两种不同形式引入制导律，能够加速收敛，能够保证跟踪误差在固定时间内快速收敛至0。最后，通过数值仿真验证了所设计的横向倾侧角切换逻辑和纵向制导律对标称轨迹的快速、精确跟踪能力。     

基于单应性矩阵的模型迎角单目视频测量方法

风洞试验中模型迎角的精准测量是降低阻力系数误差的重要途径之一，为此，提出了基于单应性矩阵的模型迎角单目视频测量方法。该方法通过两个单应性矩阵，获取试验过程中相机实时位姿和标记点物方空间位置坐标，应用坐标旋转关系，完成试验模型的迎角测量。数值仿真试验结果表明：迎角测量误差与待测标记点到风洞壁板间的距离偏差近似为线性关系，因此，当标记点不满足共面条件时，可根据该特点进行测量误差修正。静态标定和风洞迎角测量试验结果表明：修正系统误差后，迎角实测数据的测量准度在0.01°以内，精度不超过0.012°。本文方法易于实施，工程实用价值强。     

HB-2 high-velocity correlation model at high angles of attack in supersonic wind tunnel tests

Responding to a need for experimental data on a standard wind tunnel model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, and in the absence of suitable reference data, a series of tests of two HB-2 standard models of different sizes was performed in the T-38 trisonic wind tunnel of Vojnotehnickˇi Institut(VTI), in the Mach number range 1.5–4.0, at angles of attack up to+30°. Tests were performed at relatively high Reynolds numbers of 2.2 millions to 4.5 millions(based on model forebody diameter). Results were compared with available low angle of attack data from other facilities, and, as a good agreement was found, it was assumed that, by implication, the obtained high angle of attack results were valid as well. Therefore, the results can be used as a reference database for the HB-2 model at high angles of attack in the supersonic speed range, which was not available before. The results are presented in comparison with available reference data, but also contain data for some Mach numbers not given in other publications.