雷暴云准静电场和夜间低电离层的电离

用点电荷模型计算雷暴云突然放电后形成的准静电后形成的准静电场随高度的分布，以E/N（E的电场大小，N为大气密度）为输入参量，在一定条件下，对Boltzmann方程数值求解，计算电离层电子数密度的扰动。计算结果表明，在约70-90km之间，在约放电后的10ms内，准静电场大于中性大气的击穿电场，将引起大气的雪崩电离，从而引起夜间低电离层电子密度的显著增加，但这种电子密度的增加是暂的，在很短的时期内就恢复到平静时的水平，恢复时间随高度的变化而不同。     

The characteristics of sharp (small-scale) boundaries of solar wind plasma and magnetic field structures

We investigate properties of large (>20%) and sharp (<10 min) solar wind ion flux changes using INTERBALL-1 and WIND plasma and magnetic field measurements from 1996 to 1999. These ion flux changes are the boundaries of small-scale and middle-scale solar wind structures. We describe the behavior of the solar wind velocity, temperature and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during these sudden flux changes. Many of the largest ion flux changes occur during periods when the solar wind velocity is nearly constant, so these are mainly plasma density changes. The IMF magnitude and direction changes at these events can be either large or small. For about 55% of the ion flux changes, the sum of the thermal and magnetic pressure are in balance across the boundary. In many of the other cases, the thermal pressure change is significantly more than the magnetic pressure change. We also attempted to classify the types of discontinuities observed.     

一般硬化材料弹塑性旋转盘的变分解法

首先在小弹塑性范围内用应变的奇次四项式相当精确地拟合一般硬化材料的拉伸曲线;再在体积不变条件下用弹性位移场的已知模态和一待定幅值构成弹塑性位移场;最后用势能原理确定该幅值而得到封闭解。     

复合材料蜂窝夹芯板低速冲击后的压缩

对含低速冲击损伤的Nomex蜂窝夹芯板试件进行了压缩实验,用X光技术、热揭层技术和外观检测等对压缩破坏损伤发展的过程进行了研究,分析了压缩破坏机理,结果表明:剩余压缩强度随冲击能量的增加而减少;夹芯板的压缩破坏主要由前面板控制,前面板发生局部屈曲的载荷与板的压缩破坏载荷几乎相等;表面玻璃布不仅能减少冲击损伤,而且能使板内的损伤显露在表面,容易让人发现.     

研究用现场数据估计系统可靠性参数置信区间

研究用元部件现场信息估计系统可靠性参数,如系统可靠度、可靠寿命等区间估计问题。文中提出了一种新的估计方法——替换百分点法,并运用Monte Carlo数字仿真对估计的置信度和精度进行了分析,研究结果表明此方法具有工程应用价值。     

Fractal Structure of the Heliospheric Plasma Sheet at the Earth''''s Orbit

An analysis of the data from the Wind and IMP-8 spacecraft revealed that a slow solar wind, flowing in the heliospheric plasma sheet, represents a set of magnetic tubes with plasma of increased density (N > 10cm-3 at the Earth's orbit). They have a fine structure at several spatial scales (fractality), from 2°-3°(at the Earth's orbit, it is equivalent to 3.6-5.4h, or (5.4-8.0)×106km) to the minimum about 0.025°, i.e. the angular size of the nested tubes is changed nearly by two orders of magnitude. The magnetic tubes at each observed spatial scale are diamagnetic, i.e. their surface sustains a flow of diamagnetic (or drift) current that decreases the magnetic field within the tube itself and increases it outside the tube. Furthermore, the value of β= 8π[N(Te + Tp)]/B2 within the tube exceeds the value of βoutside the tube. In many cases total pressure P = N(Te + Tp) + B2/8πis almost constant within and outside the tubes at any one of the aforementioned scales.     

全向攻击比例导引律的优化及其攻击特性研究

本文通过全向攻击引导律优化、攻击区研究以及脱靶量分析,提出一种为确定空空导弹的全向攻击导引律的研究方法。利用该方法可以获得导引品质优良而又易于实现的导引规律。它既能满足全面攻击要求,又有一定大小的攻击区、不大的脱靶量以及良好的弹道特性和适当放宽的初始射击精度要求。另外,本文还对攻击区“黑洞”进行了初步探讨。     

多机并联火箭羽流流场及其底部热环境分析

For the problem that the plume flow field structure of a multi engine parallel rocket is complicated and the bottom thermal environment is extremely harsh, which may cause the failure of the engine structural components, the plume flow field and thermal environment at different altitudes are studied through numerical simulation. The result is compared with the measured results in flight which shows that when the rocket is flying at a low altitude, the plume of the engines do not interfere with each other. As the flight altitude increases, the plumes gradually expand and begin to interfere with each other, and finally there is an obvious backflow at the bottom of the rocket. The maximum heat flux at the moment of take off is basically the same as the measured value in flight. Before the backflow occurs, the heat flux mainly consists of radiant heat, the convective heat flow increases as the flight altitude grows, but it is also much smaller than the peak heat flow at takeoff. The result has certain guiding significance for the optimal design of engine structure thermal protection.     

摆线桨非定常动态失速的三维效应

对摆线桨三维全尺寸模型进行了非定常数值模拟。验证了两种嵌套网格方法的可靠性与适用性,针对二维/三维情况下摆线桨非定常涡流动特性及诱导分离特性开展了数值分析,重点研究了展向气动力随方位角的分布与全局流场的诱导速度分布,并分析了尾迹捕捉精度与涡量耗散特征。结果表明:受摆线桨切向速度、展向诱导速度等三维效应影响,两种计算结果的瞬态气动力极值差值达到44%。三维动态失速涡的产生、脱落与再附明显弱于二维翼型情况,这对于摆线桨非定常气动特性有较大影响。      

RP-3航空煤油模拟替代燃料燃烧特性的实验

在定容弹中实验测试了初始压力分别为0.1、0.3 MPa、初始温度分别为390、400、420 K、当量比范围为0.8～1.5时RP-3航空煤油模拟替代燃料的层流燃烧特性,并对比分析了模拟替代燃料与RP-3航空煤油的层流燃烧速率。结果表明,模拟替代燃料层流燃烧火焰的马克斯坦长度随初始压力或当量比的降低逐渐增大,表明火焰稳定性逐步增强；初始温度对火焰稳定性的影响不明显；随初始温度的升高或初始压力的降低,模拟替代燃料的层流燃烧速率逐渐升高；随着当量比的逐渐增大,模拟替代燃料的层流燃烧速率先增大后降低,在当量比为1.2时达到最大；在相同工况下,模拟替代燃料与RP-3航空煤油的层流燃烧速率吻合较好。