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11.
In this paper the results of three experiments are reported whichaddress the issue of the relative extent to which functionalrelations versus geometric relations affect spatial language. Theexperiments examine the role of a discourse context on the useand rating of the preposition in to describe a visual scenewhere the constraint of spatial containment between figure(object located) and ground (reference object) does not hold. Allthree experiments demonstrate that in is used more andrated to be significantly more appropriate in a functionalcontext than in a no context condition. The implications of thesestudies for spatial language and spatial representation arediscussed. 相似文献
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To represent a stable environment despite the experience of changes during self movements, one can either develop an invariant allocentric representation, or update the egocentric representations as one moves. Using a disorientation paradigm, three sets of studies investigated these mechanisms in human navigation and scene recognition. Accuracy in the configuration of multiple object localization is impaired by disorientation, an effect not due to artifacts such as memory deterioration over time, intervening physical activities, uncertainty in self position and orientation, etc., suggesting one can locate objects primarily by updating their egocentric positions as she or he moves. Disorientation also impaired the judgment of changes to a scene after viewer movements, suggesting a similar egocentric updating process. On the contrary, representation of the shape of the surroundings is invariant and persists through disorientation. The coexistence of multiple mechanisms may increase the flexibility and robustness of the system. 相似文献
14.
Chao-Song Huang J.C. Foster K. Yumoto J.L. Chau O. Veliz 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2005,36(12):2407-2412
It is well known that the solar wind can significantly affect high-latitude ionospheric dynamics. However, the effects of the solar wind on the middle- and low-latitude ionosphere are much less studied. In this paper, we report observations that large perturbations in the middle- and low-latitude ionosphere are well correlated with solar wind variations. In one event, a significant (20–30%) decrease of the midlatitude ionospheric electron density over a large latitudinal range was related to a sudden drop in the solar wind pressure and a northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field, and the density decrease became larger at lower latitudes. In another event, periodic perturbations in the dayside equatorial ionospheric E × B drift and electrojet were closely associated with variations in the interplanetary electric field. Since the solar wind is always changing with time, it can be a very important and common source of ionospheric perturbations at middle- and low-latitudes. The relationship between solar wind variations and significant ionospheric perturbations has important applications in space weather. 相似文献
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通过应变等效假设在本文提出的具有过应力特征的统一粘塑性本构模型[5]中引入了描述材料损伤的内变量。并且给出了一个基于组合功密度概念的新的损伤模型。同以往的唯象模型相比,该损伤模型具有较明确的细观物理意义,能反映应变率和应力状态对损伤演化发展的影响。 相似文献
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相关系数平稳过程时频分析方法 总被引:9,自引:6,他引:9
相关系数平稳过程是从非平稳过程中分离出的一类工程上常见且便于研究的随机过程,其均值和方差都可随时间变化,传统的平稳随机过程是它的一个特例。本文提出了相关系数AR(p),MA(q)和ARMA(p,q)序列的概念,建立了相关系数平稳过程的时频分析方法。该方法首先在时域进行全程分析,得到相关系数平稳过程的均值函数、方差函数和相关系数函数,然后可以对其进行傅里叶变换、短时傅里叶变换或小波变换,给出相关系数平稳过程的谱密度,同时提出了随机项谱密度和趋势项谱密度的概念。文中还讨论了线性系统对相关系数平稳过程输入的响应。 相似文献
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Two energetic events in the Earth’s magnetotail detected by Geotail are examined with detailed analysis of three-dimensional
velocity phase space density. It is found that the occurrence of multiple ion components is high during these dynamic episodes.
Different populations evolve independently of each other, suggesting particles from multiple activity sites contributing to
the observed phase space density. The transport properties with consideration of multiple components are evaluated, with the
result showing significant differences from those based on a single fluid approach. This comparison indicates that precise
evaluation of the energy and magnetic flux transport of energetic events in the magnetotail requires resolving individual
populations in the phase space density. 相似文献