Structure and kinetic properties of slow-mode shocks associated with magnetic reconnection in the near-Earth magnetotail

We study the structure and kinetic properties of slow-mode shocks near the plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) associated with magnetic reconnection by Cluster observation. The presence of slow-mode shocks is confirmed by traditional Rankine–Hugoniot (RH) analysis and Monte-Carlo shock fitting method. The Walén analysis, applied to the tailward flow associated with slow-mode shocks, also supports that plasma was accelerated across a Petschek-type slow-mode shock connected to the diffusion region. Back-streaming ions were observed on the shock layer, and cold ions were accelerated and heated by slow-mode shocks. In addition, whistler and electrostatic solitary waves were observed around the slow-mode shocks. These waves might be excited by the observed field-aligned electron beams near the shocks.     

计算大型实对称特征问题的 Lanczos-QR 算法

为了计算大型实对称特征值问题Ｋｘ＝λＭｘ的少数低阶特征值对，本文给出Ｌａｎｃｚｏｓ－ＱＲ迭代方法。首先，给定初始迭代向量ｖ１，作ｍ步Ｌａｎｃｚｏｓ分解：ＫＶｍ＝ＭＶｍＴｍ＋ｈｍｅｍＴ。取Ｔｍ的ｄ个最大特征值为移位量，对Ｔｍ进行ｄ步带原点位移的ＱＲ分解。然后，修改初始迭代向量ｖ１。迭代地重新开始这一过程，迫使初始迭代向量ｖ１进入需求的特征子空间，从而使残量‖Ｋｘ－θＭｘ‖→０。数值例子表明，该方法收敛性强，且稳定、有效。     

可压缩流动激波装配在格心型有限体积法中的应用

发展了一种基于格心型有限体积方法(FVM)的激波装配算法。通过定义网格节点属性可以灵活调用激波装配和激波捕捉计算方法。在使用激波装配方法时,激波节点运动速度和下游运动速度通过Rankine-Hugoniot(R-H)关系式获得,同时采用非结构动网格技术描述激波的运动以及调整其他网格节点的位置。流过激波面元的通量为上游单元的基本通量,物理概念更加清晰,通量计算也更为准确。在计算过程中,网格节点属性可以发生变化,以此实现对带有拓扑变化流场的描述。数值试验表明:本文提出的计算方法不但具有较高的计算精度,同时能有效地避免由于捕捉激波而出现的数值问题。     

基于神经网络的机器人迭代学习控制

针对机器人动力学模型的不确定性和负载扰动，提出了一种采用神经网络的机器人迭代学习控制方法。该方法将反馈控制和神经网络学习控制相结合，反馈控制沿时间轴方向使关节运动跟踪期望轨迹，神经网络学习控制沿迭代轴方向使关节运动逼近期望轨迹。文中还给出了基于ＢＰ神经网络的学习控制算法。仿真结果表明，该方法能克服机器人动力学模型的不确定性和负载扰动，具有良好的鲁棒性和控制性能。     

拖靶系统挂机安装角度计算

拖靶安全释放是拖靶系统正常执行任务的前提,拖靶挂机安装角度的优劣直接影响着拖靶的安全释放.依据拖靶释放特性建立了拖靶系统动力学模型,提出了拖靶安全释放的条件,给出了拖靶挂机安装角度的计算方法;通过实例对方法的正确性进行了验证,其结果直接应用于某新型拖机改装试验中,取得了满意的效果.     

二维三角晶格的Peierls相变前后的声子色散曲面的研究

利用晶格动力学理论计算了二维三角晶格的Peierls相变前后的声子能谱。并且在第一布里渊区绘制了声子色散曲面。通过对Peierls相变前后的声子能谱比较可知，随其对称性降低，声子能谱的简并度被破缺。二维三角晶格的Peierls相变前只有两支声频支声子能谱，Peierls相变后有两支声频支声子能谱与两支光频支声子能谱，并且声频支声子能谱与光频支声子能谱不相交，两支光频支声子沿ky轴平缓地变化。     

Dynamics of a spacecraft and normalization around Lagrangian points in the Neptune–Triton system

The problem of a spacecraft orbiting the Neptune–Triton system is presented. The new ingredients in this restricted three body problem are the Neptune oblateness and the high inclined and retrograde motion of Triton. First we present some interesting simulations showing the role played by the oblateness on a Neptune’s satellite, disturbed by Triton. We also give an extensive numerical exploration in the case when the spacecraft orbits Triton, considering Sun, Neptune and its planetary oblateness as disturbers. In the plane a × I (a = semi-major axis, I = inclination), we give a plot of the stable regions where the massless body can survive for thousand of years. Retrograde and direct orbits were considered and as usual, the region of stability is much more significant for the case of direct orbit of the spacecraft (Triton’s orbit is retrograde). Next we explore the dynamics in a vicinity of the Lagrangian points. The Birkhoff normalization is constructed around L₂, followed by its reduction to the center manifold. In this reduced dynamics, a convenient Poincaré section shows the interplay of the Lyapunov and halo periodic orbits, Lissajous and quasi-halo tori as well as the stable and unstable manifolds of the planar Lyapunov orbit. To show the effect of the oblateness, the planar Lyapunov family emanating from the Lagrangian points and three-dimensional halo orbits are obtained by the numerical continuation method.     

Numerical prediction and wind tunnel experiment for a pitching unmanned combat air vehicle

The low-speed flowfield for a generic unmanned combat air vehicle (UCAV) is investigated both experimentally and numerically. A wind tunnel experiment was conducted with the Boeing 1301 UCAV at a variety of angles of attack up to 70 degrees, both statically and with various frequencies of pitch oscillation (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 Hz). In addition, pitching was performed about three longitudinal locations on the configuration (the nose, 35% MAC, and the tail). Solutions to the unsteady, laminar, compressible Navier–Stokes equations were obtained on an unstructured mesh to match results from the static and dynamic experiments. The computational results are compared with experimental results for both static and pitching cases. Details about the flowfield, including vortex formation and interaction, are shown and discussed, including the non-linear aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle.     

基于图剖分的多块结构网格负载平衡方法

负载平衡是影响并行计算性能的重要因素。针对多块结构网格,给出了一种改进的多层次图剖分负载平衡方法。该方法设计了新的网格剖分算法,采用改进的子块分裂方法与图剖分算法的循环调用实现结构对接网格剖分,并通过建立不同物体重叠网格间的连接关系,实现了结构重叠网格的负载平衡。采用2个典型算例对方法进行了对比验证,数值结果表明,子块分裂方法对剖分结果具有重要影响,采用循环调用算法及改进的子块分裂方法能有效地实现计算负载均衡及通信量优化,同时显著减少了网格块数及因虚网格导致的内存需求,有利于提高并行效率。该负载平衡方法与网格拓扑无关,适用于多块结构对接网格及重叠网格,且整体型剖分方式对于多块结构重叠网格具有更好的剖分效果。