高模聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑复丝纤维拉伸性能测试方法

参照相关的纤维力学性能测试标准,对高模型HM-PBO复丝纤维的拉伸性能测试方 法进行系统研究。结果表明：夹持型夹具和陶瓷材质夹具体适用于PBO干纱复丝拉伸性能测试;捻系数对PBO拉伸性能影响比较大,最佳捻系数为8;同时发现加捻会影响纤维的取向度;在一定范围内拉伸速率的增加会使得纤维断裂强度增加;而在测试范围内的预加张力对PBO纤维拉伸性能影响不大;夹持长度越长,由横梁测得的拉伸形变越接近真实值。     

顺电相PbTiO3晶体的电子结构和光学性质

应用全电势线形平面波缀加方法对铁电晶体钛酸铅的顺电立方相的电子能带结构、态密度、电子密度分布进行了计算.能带结构的计算结果表明立方顺电相晶体PbTiO₃为直接带隙的半导体,带隙大小为1.7eV.通过态密度和电子密度的计算结果分析,得到价带和导带的电子组成情况,并且指出Ti原子和O原子存在较强的共价键合.在电子结构的计算基础上,计算得到了与实验符合较好的PbTiO₃晶体的介电函数的实部和虚部,分析了虚部所对应的能带跃迁,并得到了其它的光学性质的参数(光学吸收系数、折射率、消光系数、能量损失曲线、反射率).     

远紫外辐射下Kapton/Al薄膜材料的力学性能研究

薄膜材料在探测器中有着重要的应用,在深空辐照环境下,其力学性能将发生较大的变化。文章首先介绍了薄膜材料在航天器中的应用,接着对Kapton/Al薄膜材料空间远紫外辐照下的力学性能进行了研究。研究发现:随着拉伸速度增加,薄膜的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率随着拉伸速度的增加而降低;随着远紫外曝辐量的增加而呈线性减小;远紫外辐照下薄膜材料分子键出现断裂和交联,C―CO和C―N键断裂并发生脱氧和脱氮,C-H基团相对含量增大的主要原因是薄膜力学性能降低。     

Effects of FDM-3D printing parameters on mechanical properties and microstructure of CF/PEEK and GF/PEEK

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has unique advantages in the rapid prototyping of thermoplastics which have been developed in diverse fields. However, although great efforts have been made to optimize FDM process, the mechanical properties of printed parts are limited by the weak interlamination bonding as well as the poor performance of raw filaments used, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactic acid (PLA). Adding fibers into thermoplastic matrix and preparing high-performance filaments have been indicated to enhance the properties of fabricated parts. Recently, heat-resistant polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and its fiber reinforced composites were proposed for FDM process due to overcoming the limitation of equipment and process. However, few researches have been reported on the effects of FDM-3D printing parameters on the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced PEEK composites. Therefore, 5wt% carbon fiber (CF) and glass fiber (GF) reinforced PEEK composite filaments were prepared respectively in this study. The effects of various printing parameters including nozzle temperature, platform temperature, printing speed and layer thickness on the mechanical properties (including tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength) were surveyed. To analyze the microstructure and failure reasons of printed CF/PEEK and GF/PEEK samples, the tensile fractured surfaces were investigated via scanning electron microscope (SEM).     

真空成型碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料性能研究

对固化温度、保温平台及隔离材料对真空成型碳纤维/环氧树脂基复合材料（CCF300/BA9913）的孔隙率和力学性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在较高的固化温度（125 ℃保温2 h）条件下,CCF300/BA9913固化后力学性能和耐湿热性能更加优异。同时在树脂最低黏度所处温度附近（85 ℃）,增加0.5 h的保温平台,有利于降低CCF300/BA9913固化后的孔隙率,提高材料力学性能。封装时,采用有孔聚四氟乙烯膜和半透膜,可提高固化过程中的导气效率,有利于材料力学性能的提高。其0°拉伸强度、压缩强度、弯曲强度和层间剪切强度分别达到1 896、1 387、1 668、89.0 MPa     

高速柔性转子支承松动力学特征及动力特性

针对高速柔性转子支承松动的结构特征、力学特征以及多支点转子系统动力学设计的需要,研究了转子支承结构松动引起支承刚度非连续变化的产生机理,建立了支承松动转子系统动力学模型,分析了支承松动转子系统存在混沌运动的条件,即当转子动力特性对支承刚度变化敏感时,受支承刚度阶跃影响,支承松动转子系统会产生混沌运动。根据多支点转子系统动力学特性与支承结构位置、刚度的相关性,采用优化支承位置和支承刚度的方法,使转子动力特性对支承刚度非连续变化不敏感,为多支点高速柔性转子系统的动力学优化设计提供了设计途径。     

Evaluation and utilization of CloudSat and CALIPSO data to analyze the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau

The present study elucidates on the evaluation of two versions (V3 and V4.10) of vertical feature mask (VFM) and aerosol sub-types data derived from the Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), and its utilization to analyze the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In conjunction to the CALIPSO, we have also used the CloudSat data to study the same during the summer season for the years 2007–2010 over the study area 25–40°N and 75–100°E. Compared to V3 of CALIPSO, V4.10 was found to have undergone substantial changes in the code, algorithm, and data products. Intercomparison of both versions of data products in the selected grid between 30–31°N and 83–84°E within the study area during 2007–2017 revealed that the VFM and aerosol sub-types are in good agreement of ～95.27% and ～82.80%, respectively. Dusty cirrus is defined as the clouds mixed with dust aerosols or existing in dust aerosol conditions, while the pure cirrus is that in a dust-free environment. The obtained results illustrated that the various microphysical properties of cirrus, namely ice water content (IWC), ice water path (IWP), ice distribution width (IDW), ice effective radius (IER), and ice number concentration (INC) noticed a decrease of 17%, 18%, 4%, 19%, and 10%, respectively due to the existence of dust aerosol, consistent with the classical “Twomey effect” for liquid clouds. Moreover, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) showed moderate negative correlations between ?0.4 and ?0.6 with the microphysical characteristics of cirrus. As our future studies, in addition to the present work undertaken, we planned to gain knowledge and interested to explore the impact of a variety of aerosols apart from the dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus in different regions of China.     

均苯型聚酰亚胺薄膜在质子辐照下的力学性能退化试验研究

聚酰亚胺薄膜广泛应用于航天器热控结构和太阳帆等充气展开结构中,由于暴露在航天器表面,受到各种空间环境效应的影响,其力学性能会发生退化。文章对不同通量、注量和温度条件下质子辐照对均苯型聚酰亚胺薄膜力学性能的影响进行了模拟试验研究。研究发现,当质子通量较低时,质子通量的增加对薄膜力学性能的影响微弱;当质子通量持续增加,薄膜的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率呈近似线性下降;当质子注量增加到一定程度后,薄膜的抗拉强度和断裂伸长率下降速率变缓;薄膜在低温辐照下比在高温辐照下更容易发生脆性断裂。     

SE(3)上一般力学控制系统的运动描述与飞行器建模

与Lie群上的简单力学控制系统不同,Lie群上的一般力学控制系统需要考虑势能在位形空间中的变化,故其Lagrange算子不再是左不变的,这意味着根据定义Euler-Poincaré方程不能直接应用于此类系统。为此,本文首先建立矩阵Lie群SE(3)上的一般力学控制系统的数学描述,重新定义Lagrange算子为左不变动能减势能;然后基于连续Lagrange-d’Alembert法则推导得到了含有势能函数的Euler-Poincaré方程,用来刻画SE(3)上一般力学控制系统的动态;最后给出了四旋翼无人直升机和无人飞艇建模的应用实例。     

用于转子系统的气膜密封阻尼结构稳态特性

针对航空发动机转子既转动又进动的运转情况,推导用于转子系统的带金属橡胶弹性外环的气膜密封阻尼结构(gas film seal damper,GFSD)雷诺方程.基于GFSD运动方程和位移协调关系,建立转子－气膜－金属橡胶三者之间的流固耦合关系,确定稳态压力场求解流程,并提出金属橡胶刚度的定量设计方法.采用有限差分法求解稳态压力场,研究GFSD工作参数和结构参数对稳态特性的影响,为GFSD结构参数设计提供参考,最后与直通式篦齿封严的泄漏量进行比较.结果表明:合理设计金属橡胶刚度能够使GFSD自适应地调节气膜间隙;在保证动压润滑的基础上,选取大长径比、小金属橡胶刚度和密封间隙能够使GFSD具有良好的稳态特性;GFSD的泄漏量远小于直通式篦齿封严,能够满足现代航空发动机中高进出口压比下的封严需要.