PEM水电解技术在航天上的应用现状与发展趋势

介绍了质子交换膜(PEM)水电解技术的特点及其在国内外航天领域的应用现状,在分析空间任务的发展趋势,以及能源、动力、环境控制与生命保障系统需求变化的基础上,认为在未来载人航天任务中,能源、动力、生保物质互用的解决方法是摆脱依赖地面支持、实现自主和可持续保障的最优途径,并指出了PEM水电解技术作为实现这一技术途径的关键环节所面临的挑战。     

CNFs/CDA纳米纤维复合膜装置的制备与性能研究

以二甲基亚砜/三氯甲烷作为新型双组分溶剂体系,利用溶剂置换法将纤维素纳米纤维(Cellulose nanofibers,CNFs)与二醋酸纤维素(Cellulose diacetate,CDA)复合;利用熔融沉积(Fused deposition modeling,FDM)3D打印技术,在平行导电板上直接打印成型蜂窝状的碳纤维(Carbon fiber,CF)/聚乳酸(Polylactic acid,PLA)复合材料支撑体;采用静电纺丝技术使CNFs/CDA复合纳米纤维直接沉积于蜂窝状CF/PLA支撑体上,制备了基于3D打印技术的CNFs/CDA复合纳米纤维膜装置。利用透射电镜(Transmission eletron microscopy,TEM)、扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)等测试技术对所制备CNFs/CDA复合纤维膜的形貌与结构进行了表征,并测试了CNFs/CDA复合膜装置对蛋白质的吸附性能。结果表明,当CNFs的质量分数为0.5%时,CNFs/CDA复合纳米纤维平均直径可达(381±116)nm,纤维直径分布更均匀,超过80%的纤维尺寸保持在200～500 nm范围内。而且,基于3D打印技术的CNFs/CDA复合纳米纤维膜装置对牛血清白蛋白(Bovine serum albumin,BSA)具有一定的吸附能力,最高吸附量可达433.89 mg/g。     

Form-finding analysis and optimization of cable membrane structure based on iterative correction of tension process

The current form-finding analysis of cable membrane structures does not consider the actual tensioning process, thus leading to a difference between the form-finding prestressed and tensioning working states. It will affect the morphology accuracy of membrane structures in use, especially in the field of space structures. This work proposes a form-finding optimization method based on the iterative correction of the tensioning process, which considers membrane stress and edge shape optimizations in order. The method focuses on two evaluation indices: the average membrane stress difference and the root mean square (RMS) of the position difference of the edge cables. This sequential optimization analysis is illustrated based on the examples of a sunshade structure for aerospace applications. The results show that these design requirements on the two evaluation indices can be satisfied after one membrane stress optimization and one edge shape optimization. Subsequently, the influence of the seams on the optimization analysis of tensile cable membranes is also investigated. Although seams increase the inhomogeneity of the membrane stress and edge shape difference, the proposed optimization framework based on the iterative correction of the tension process can still ensure that the design requirement can be satisfied. The work in this paper could form the basis for a high-precision study of tensile membrane structures in space.     

Effect of Sintering Conditions on Structure of Manganese Zinc Ferrite Powders

The structures of the Mn-Zn ferrites synthesized under different sintering conditions by the sol-gel method were investigated by the X-ray diffraction （XRD） and the scanning electron microscopy （SEM） with focus on two factors： the pre-sintering treatment and the calcining time. The results show that the sintering conditions have significant effects on the structures and the particle size of the Mn-Zn ferrites. Compared with the products without pre-sintering, those pre-sintered at 500℃ have a single phase and no diffraction peaks of Fe2O3 that could be found. The effects of the pre-sintering temperature on the structures of the ferrites were also studied. As a result, 500℃ proves to be the favorite in the pre-sintering treatment. The XRD patterns of the ferrites calcined at 1 200℃ for 6 h will present diffraction peaks of pure crystallization of spinel phase while those for 2 h or 4 h will show peaks of Fe2O3. The SEM also bears witness to well-grown grains of pure Mn-Zn ferrites if calcined for 6 hours.     

空间薄膜结构刚柔耦合非线性动力学分析

空间薄膜结构经历大范围刚体运动时,刚柔高度耦合的非线性动态响应极易发生,这将会降低结构几何精度,甚至影响设备正常工作.针对平面张拉式空间薄膜天线,建立了大范围运动的空间薄膜天线刚柔耦合非线性动力学有限元模型,描述了二阶效应与刚柔耦合效应对结构刚度特性、阻尼特性以及载荷的作用.通过对模型的数值解算,讨论了刚体运动规律(初...     

Effect of Sintering Conditions on Structure of Manganese Zinc Ferrite Powders

The structures of the Mn-Zn ferrites synthesized under different sintering conditions by the sol-gel method were investigated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with focus on two factors: the pre-sintering treatment and the calcining time. The results show that the sintering conditions have significant effects on the structures and the particle size of the Mn-Zn ferrites. Compared with the products without pre-sintering, those pre-sintered at 500 ℃ have a single phase and no diffraction peaks of Fe2O3 that could be found. The effects of the pre-sintering temperature on the structures of the ferrites were also studied. As a result, 500 ℃ proves to be the favorite in the pre-sintering treatment. The XRD patterns of the ferrites calcined at 1 200 ℃ for 6 h will present diffraction peaks of pure crystallization of spinel phase while those for 2 h or 4 h will show peaks of Fe2O3. The SEM also bears witness to well-grown grains of pure Mn-Zn ferrites if calcined for 6 hours.     

滤波器的设计与安装

分离信号，抑制干扰是滤波器的基本功能，要把电源线的传导干扰电平控制在标准规定的极限值内，安装电磁干扰滤波器是一种有效的办法。本文介绍了电源线滤波器的设计方法和安装要求，并对滤波器插入损耗的测试问题进行了探讨。     

封闭式薄膜屋盖的参数共振分析

膜结构的非线性风振响应是流固耦合的共同作用问题,当脉动风频率与结构频率满足一定关系时,就有可能出现大幅参数共振。本文首先假定风为无粘性势流,利用室内外空气速度势函数、屋面涡旋以及尾流涡旋来模拟屋面与风场之间的大气湍流边界层。针对封闭式薄膜结构受纵向脉动风荷载作用下,推导了屋面所受的气动力表达式,建立了薄膜屋盖参数振动的非线性力学模型。然后通过数值计算分析,证明了薄膜屋盖在达到临界颤振风速之前有参数共振的可能性。因而,在实际工程中应该考虑出现参数颤振的可能性,通过调整结构参数或预应力,以降低参数共振的频率范围。     

Preparation and Characterization of Fe3O4/T-ZnOw Composites

Fe3O4/T-ZnOw composites are fabricated by depositing a layer of Fe3O4 film on the surface of tetrapod-shaped ZnO whisker (T-ZnOw) by ferrite plating method. The morphology, structure and magnetic properties of the composites are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The effects of temperature and pH value of ferrite plating on the Fe3O4/T-ZnOw composites and the magnetic properties of composites are studied. It is shown that the chemical environment with pH value at 7.5 is most favorable for the ferrite plating processes by analyzing the main peaks intensity of Fe3O4 in the XRD patterns and the average diameters of the Fe3O4 crystalline. The increase of the ferrite plating temperature with pH value around 7.5 benefits the whole encapsulation of T-ZnOw by the Fe3O4 magnetic films. The composites exhibit ferromagnetic properties and show much lower magnetization intensity than bulk samples at the same magnetic field intensity.     

Effect of fuel type on the performance of an aircraft fuel tank oxygen-consuming inerting system

The properties of aviation fuel have a great influence on the performance of oxygen-consuming inerting systems. Based on the establishment of the catalytic inerting process, the flow relationship of each gas component flowing through the catalytic reactor was derived. The mathematical model of the gas concentration in the gas phase of the fuel tank was established based on the mass conservation equation, and the fuel tank model was verified by performing experiments. The results showed that the fuel type exerts a considerably higher influence on the performance of the oxygen-consuming inerting system compared to the corresponding influence on the hollow fiber membrane system, and the relative magnitude of the inerting rates of the four fuel types is RP5 > RP3 > RP6 > JP8. In addition, a higher catalytic efficiency or fuel load rate corresponds to a higher rate of decrease of the oxygen concentration in the gas phase, and the inerting time is inversely proportional to the suction flow rate of the fan. When different fuels are used, the amount of cooling gas and water released from the inerting system are different. Therefore, the influence of fuel type on the system performance should be extensively considered in the future.