升力式火箭动力航班化航天运输系统的关键技术挑战

航班化航天运输系统是重复使用航天运输系统的高级形式,具有高可靠、低成本、智能化、规模化、产业化等特点。基于火箭动力发展航班化航天运输系统是切实可行的技术途径之一,升力式火箭动力航班化航天运输系统具备实现类似飞机航班形式的快速周转发射能力,同时对航天运输技术也提出了新的挑战。结合航班化航天运输系统的发展态势和技术方案,重点分析了升力式火箭动力航班化航天运输系统面临的技术挑战,提出了后续研究重点与发展建议。     

CCSDS标准在军用航天任务中的应用

空间数据系统咨询委员会(CCSDS)标准已经在民用航天任务中得到广泛应用,然而对其是否也同时适用于军用航天任务,仍存在着许多的疑虑和争论。文章通过对军用航天任务采用CCSDS标准现状的调研,分析了其实现途径和可行性,提出了在军用航天任务中采用CCSDS标准的措施和建议。     

组合动力运载器发展与展望

随着航天运输频次的大幅提升,航天发射需求对航天运输系统的要求越来越高.本文从重复使用航天运输系统出发,着重阐述了以组合发动机为动力的重复使用运载器的发展起源,对组合动力运载器领域的国际发展格局与研究现状进行了分析,并且从技术角度出发,结合空天飞行任务需求和组合动力工作特性,分析了组合动力运载器发展所面临的技术挑战.文章...     

航天产品成熟度研究

为解决航天产品高要求、高风险和小子样等特点与保证工程任务一次成功要求之间的问题,以及适应多型号任务并举的发展趋势,文章分析了国外航天领域成熟度技术的主要成果,介绍了产品成熟路径理论框架,阐述了产品成熟度概念和内涵,提出了航天产品成熟度快速提升的途径和方法.在航天工程实践中已经获得的一系列科技成果,通过对这些理论方法的应...     

航天产品实施MBD的途径与任务

阐述航天产品实现三维模型上实现全数字化产品定义(MBD)的途径,对MBD在标准化方面取得的成果和未来面临的工作任务作了说明。     

我国载人航天电源系统的技术发展成就及趋势

载人航天电源系统是一个庞大的系统工程，状态复杂、可靠性要求高、技术难度大。本文在阐述我国载人航天电源系统组成和特点的基础上，从电源系统架构、太阳电池翼、储能电池组、并网控制以及在轨维修与更换等方面，详细论述了我国载人航天电源系统的各阶段技术突破和技术引领，并对后续载人月球探测提出展望，梳理了能源系统重点研究方向和关键技术，为未来载人月球探测任务顺利实施奠定技术基础。     

欧洲航天动力规划与我国空间推进技术发展对策

在法国凡尔塞举行的第六届国际空间会议上,欧洲航天比较详尽地向世界展示了其航天动力技术的过去、现在和未来.本文记录了本次会议的情况,分析了当前国内外航天动力的发展趋势和我国空间推进技术现状,提出了我国空间推进技术的发展建议.     

关于提升航天产品设计质量的思考

分析当前航天产品面临的质量形势,从航天系统工程的角度,阐述航天产品的基本特性,结合工作实践,从产品方案设计的正确可行性、实现过程的简洁可靠性、系统协调匹配的兼容性、试验测试的覆盖充分性以及模拟任务的真实性等方面,提出提高设计水平和设计质量的实施途径与方法.     

运载火箭总装运输起竖车液压系统方案探讨

以我国航天运载火箭事业发展需要以及承接外星发射任务的增加必须提高运载火箭发射工位的发射频率为依据，提出研制运载火箭总装运输起竖车液压系统的必要性；论证了实现运载火箭总装运输起竖车液压系统的技术途径、系统组成、功用、性能及今后应用展望。     

航天器海上测控技术现状分析与发展思考

为了满足后续航天测控任务的需要,紧跟未来航天测控技术发展步伐,实现航天器海上测控的可持续发展和航天测量船综合效益的全面提升,简要回顾航天器海上测控技术的发展历程,分析海上航天测控系统的现状及其发展需求,指出海上航天测控技术需要重点发展的几个方向。     

Long-duration space mission regenerative life support.

The paper deals with the construction of physical/chemical life support systems of orbiting space station Mir and the Russian segment of the international space station (ISS). Based on experience gained in development and long-term operation of systems for water recovery and air revitalization balance and energy/mass characteristics of promising life support systems (LSS) are analyzed. Physical/chemical life support systems with regenerative systems updated as a result of the operation on the ISS may be used at an initial phase of manned interplanetary missions.     

载人深空探测任务航天医学工程问题研究

航天医学工程问题关系到载人深空探测任务中的人员生存及健康。文章从人员长期生存的生命保障、变重力生理效应及防护、地外环境效应与防护、人员生理健康监测与维护、人员心理健康等方面的问题入手,分析了问题产生的原因及解决的必要性,并提出了解决思路,为后续深入开展相关关键技术的攻关提供参考。最后,以载人月球基地任务为案例,提出了生命保障、变重力防护、辐射及月尘防护、生理及心理健康监测及维护等问题的解决方案。     

火星探测器“进入、下降、着陆”过程的供配电方案综述

对国外成功着陆火星的"火星探路者"(MPF)、"火星探测巡视器"(MER)、凤凰号(Phoenix)和"火星科学实验室"(MSL)的供配电技术进行总结;着重分析探测器在"进入、下降、着陆"(EDL)过程中对电源的电池容量、放电电流、工作时间、环境温度及储存时间等方面的要求及解决方案;提出了火星探测器EDL过程中供配电设计在电池类型、器间供电接口、比能量、放电倍率、能量裕度和寿命方面要注意的重点。     

US export controls and Canadian autonomy to collaborate on international space missions

Canada is a space power with unique technical niches that support opportunities for collaboration on space technologies. When U.S.-origin space technologies are involved Canada's ability to collaborate internationally may be conditional on US law and policy. As a result, US export control law can be directly linked to the success or failure of Canadian collaboration. This article examines the strategic impact of U.S. export controls on Canadian autonomy to collaborate on international missions, including multi-use missions. Canadian space export control policy is also examined more broadly with the goal of providing specific policy recommendations that will enhance Canada's future as an international space actor.     

The space life sciences strategy for the 21st century

In the past, space life sciences has focused on gaining an understanding of physiological tolerance to spaceflight, but, for the last 10 years, the focus has evolved to include issues relevant to extended duration missions. In the 21st century, NASA's long-term strategy for the exploration of the solar system will combine the assurance of human health and performance for long periods in space with investigations aimed at searching for traces of life on other planets and acquiring fundamental scientific knowledge of life processes. Implementation of this strategy will involve a variety of disciplines including radiation health, life support, human factors, space physiology and countermeasures, medical care, environmental health, and exobiology. It will use both ground-based and flight research opportunities such as those found in current on-going programs, on Spacelab and unmanned biosatellite flights, and during Space Station Freedom missions.     

Gas transfer in microgravity fermentations.

Fermentations performed under microgravity conditions may be used in future long duration space missions for recycling expendable life support materials. These fermentations will differ from similar fermentations performed at one gravity in the manner in which gas transfer in the fermentor is carried out.     

Probabilistic assessment of radiation risk for astronauts in space missions

Accurate estimations of the health risks to astronauts due to space radiation exposure are necessary for future lunar and Mars missions. Space radiation consists of solar particle events (SPEs), comprised largely of medium energy protons (less than several hundred MeV); and galactic cosmic rays (GCR), which include high-energy protons and heavy ions. While the frequency distribution of SPEs depends strongly upon the phase within the solar activity cycle, the individual SPE occurrences themselves are random in nature. A solar modulation model has been developed for the temporal characterization of the GCR environment, which is represented by the deceleration potential, ?. The risk of radiation exposure to astronauts as well as to hardware from SPEs during extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) or in lightly shielded vehicles is a major concern for radiation protection. To support the probabilistic risk assessment for EVAs, which could be up to 15% of crew time² on lunar missions, we estimated the probability of SPE occurrence as a function of solar cycle phase using a non-homogeneous Poisson model [1] to fit the historical database of measurements of protons with energy>30 MeV, Φ₃₀. The resultant organ doses and dose equivalents, as well as effective whole body doses, for acute and cancer risk estimations are analyzed for a conceptual habitat module and for a lunar rover during space missions of defined durations. This probabilistic approach to radiation risk assessment from SPE and GCR is in support of mission design and operational planning for future manned space exploration missions.     

基于氢化镁的核电/核热双模共质空间核动力技术

针对未来空间任务对能源和动力日益提高的需求,提出了基于氢化镁的核电核热双模共质空间核动力技术。该技术以一种储氢密度高、热稳定性较好,能够以常温常压储存的氢化镁作为工质,通过核能加热后氢化镁分解成为核热推进可用的高压氢气和电推进可用的单质镁,并结合高效动态热电转换系统,形成大功率核电源、大功率超高比冲核电推进、高比冲氢气核热推进以及大推力镁核热推进多种工作模式。基于氢化镁的多模共质空间核动力技术解决了低温推进剂、气态工质在空间应用时的存储安全性和存储密度低的问题,其具备的多种工作模式能够针对不同任务需求提供相应的能源或者动力输出,提高核动力飞行器任务能力。     

A Canadian high-energy neutron spectrometry system for measurements in space

Bubble Technology Industries Inc. (BTI), with the support of the Canadian Space Agency, has finished the construction of the Canadian High-Energy Neutron Spectrometry System (CHENSS). This spectrometer is intended to measure the high energy neutron spectrum (approximately 1-100 MeV) encountered in spacecraft in low earth orbit. CHENSS is designed to fly aboard a US space shuttle and its scientific results should facilitate the prediction of neutron dose to astronauts in space from readings of different types of radiation dosimeters that are being used in various missions.     

The roles of humans and robots in exploring the solar system

Historically, advocates of solar system exploration have disagreed over whether program goals could be entirely satisfied by robotic missions. Scientists tend to argue that robotic exploration is most cost-effective. However, the human space program has a great deal of support in the general public, thereby enabling the scientific element of exploration to be larger than it might be as a stand-alone activity. A comprehensive strategy of exploration needs a strong robotic component complementing and supporting human missions. Robots are needed for precursor missions, for crew support on planetary surfaces, and for probing dangerous environments. Robotic field assistants can provide mobility, access to scientific sites, data acquisition, visualization of the environment, precision operations, sample acquisition and analysis, and expertise to human explorers. As long as space exploration depends on public funds, space exploration must include an appropriate mix of human and robotic activity.