探针式光纤探头的有效检测深度

研究了探针式光纤探头的有效检测深度。采用扩散方程描述光在强散射生物组织中的传播规律,运用纽曼边界条件,使用灵敏度矩阵对有效检测深度进行了研究。灵敏度矩阵和光源与检测器的空间位置分布密切相关。光源与检测器对的灵敏度矩阵定义为：光源位置和检测器位置分别作为光源的光场分布的乘积。设计了6组针对不同参数的模型,参数主要包括光源、检测器光纤芯径、光源、检测器光纤中心距、光纤探头所处的深度、生物组织的吸收系数和散射系数。对探针式光纤探头在各组模型中的有效探测深度进行了仿真,重点研究了六种参数对检测深度的影响。所得结论可以推广到分析光纤检测器的空间分辨率和多光纤检测器的研究中。     

紊流冲击射流数学研究中的壁面函数法(英文)

使用低雷诺数 k-ε模型、标准 k-ε模型和改进的 k-ε模型计算了半封闭圆形冲击射流的紊流流场 ,并将结果作了对比。其中 ,改进的 k-ε模型在其模化过程中重新考虑了 ε方程中的脉动压力扩散项。结果表明 :低雷诺数 k-ε模型、标准 k-ε模型的计算结果很差 ,而改进的 k-ε模型的结果却要好得多 ,特别是对紊动能的改进尤其明显。因此可以认为 :标准 k-ε模型的计算结果很差是由于它在模化中没有考虑脉动压力扩散项 ,而并不是文献中所认为的是由于在近壁区使用了壁面函数法。     

Co扩散阻挡层模型的设计

通过对Ｃｏ扩散阻挡层在ＣＶＤ过程中冶金行为的理论分析，建立了计算Ｃｏ扩散阻挡层临界厚度δ临的数学模型。指出：阻挡层厚度δ≥δ临是抑制Ｃｏ对金刚石沉积不良影响的必要条件。     

双合金热等静压复合工艺研究

主要探索采用双合金热等静压扩散连接工艺实现高温合金粉末和ＤＤ３单晶合金间可靠连接的可行性。研究内容包括热等静压（ＨＩＰ）扩散连接温度及热处理对ＦＧＨ９５—ＤＤ３复合界面的成分扩散、界面组织以及叶片材料本身组织性能的影响。研究表明，通过合理的工艺选择与改进，可以在保证对偶材料性能满足要求的前提下实现界面的良好扩散与结合。     

转子及滑靴组件的扩散焊工艺研究

设计了压紧力装置，在普通空气炉中实现了转子及滑靴组件扩散焊连接；分别针对圆周面对接和端面对接两种结构的铜合金（ZCuSn10Pb2Ni3）和结构钢（30Cr3MoA）扩散焊工艺进行了研究，试验分析了压紧力、扩散焊温度及保温时间等参数对接头性能的影响，并得到了可获得牢固接头的扩散焊工艺参数。     

Predicting the effects of gas diffusivity on photosynthesis and transpiration of plants grown under hypobaria

As part of a Bio-regenerative Life Support System (BLSS) for long-term space missions, plants will likely be grown at reduced pressure. This low pressure will minimize structural requirements for growth chambers on missions to the Moon or Mars. However, at reduced pressures the diffusivity of gases increases. This will affect the rates at which CO₂ is assimilated and water is transpired through stomata. To understand quantitatively the possible effects of reduced pressure on plant growth, CO₂ and H₂O transport were calculated for atmospheres of various total pressures (101, 66, 33, 22, 11 kPa) and CO₂ concentrations (0.04, 0.1 and 0.18 kPa). The diffusivity of a gas is inversely proportional to total pressure and shows dramatic increases at pressures below 33 kPa (1/3 atm). A mathematical relationship based on the principle of thermodynamics was applied to low pressure conditions and can be used for calculating the transpiration and photosynthesis of plants grown in hypobaria. At 33 kPa total pressure, the stomatal conductance increases by a factor of three with the boundary layer conductance increasing by a factor of ∼1.7, since the leaf conductance is a function of both stomatal and the boundary layer conductance, the overall conductance will increase resulting in significantly higher levels of transpiration as the pressure drops. The conductance of gases is also regulated by stomatal aperture in an inverse relationship. The higher CO₂ concentration inside the leaf air space during low pressure treatments may result in higher CO₂ assimilation and partial stomata closure, resulting in a decrease in transpiration rate. The results of this analysis offer guidelines for experiments in pressure and high CO₂ environments to establish ideal conditions for minimizing transpiration and maximizing the plant biomass yield in BLSS.     

高频输氧技术中的气体输运机理

本文介绍了高频输氧技术中气体输运机理的实验研究结果。用气管-支气管-肺模型来模拟人体呼吸系统,用热线和激光测速技术测量该模型内的气流。结果表明,整流效应和湍流扩散具有关键作用。     

Cosmic Rays at High Heliolatitudes

The Ulysses spacecraft has been the first to orbit the Sun over its poles and to explore the heliosphere at these high heliolatitudes. It has now completed two fast latitude scans, one at solar minimum and one at solar maximum. Since its launch in October 1990, this mission has led to several surprising discoveries concerning energetic particles, cosmic rays, Jovian electrons, the solar wind, the heliospheric magnetic field and the global features of the heliosphere. This review addresses mainly the propagation and modulation of cosmic rays and other charged particles, from both an observational and theoretical point of view, with emphasis on what has been learned from exploring the inner heliosphere to high heliolatitudes. This is done for solar minimum and maximum conditions. The review is concluded with a summary of the main scientific discoveries and insights gained so far from the Ulysses mission.     

三层结构加氢反应器器壁中氢扩散的数学模型

根据Ｄｅｖａｎａｔｈａｎ－Ｓｔａｃｈｕｒｓｋｉ提出的电化学渗氢原理，采用专利的电化学氢探头测定氢在金属中渗透速率的方法，建立了氢稳态扩散时在热壁三层结构的加氢反应器器壁中氢浓度计算的数学模型。在反应器的运行条件下，氢渗透过程受扩散控制。只要检测出氢探头在一定温度下的稳态渗氢电流密度ｉ∞，通过计算机程序选择适当的参数输入，应用提出的计算公式可计算单层、双层或三层加氢反应器器壁中各关键界面的氢浓度及器壁径向任意指定剖面上的氢浓度分布。