Numerical Simulation of Rotor-aerodynamic Surface Interaction in Hover Using Moving Chimera Grid

Three-dimensional unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are numerically solved to simulate the aerodynamic interaction of rotor, canard and horizontal tail in hover based on moving chimera grid. The variations of unsteady aerodynamic forces and moments of the canard and horizontal tail with respect to the rotor azimuth are analyzed with the deflection angle set at 0° and 50°, respectively. The pressure map of aerodynamic surfaces and velocity vector distribution of flow field are investigated to get better understanding of the unsteady aerodynamic interaction. The result shows that the canard and horizontal tail present different characteristics under the downwash of the rotor. The canard produces much vertical force loss with low amplitude fluctuation. Contrarily, the horizontal tail, which is within the flow field induced by the down wash of the rotor, produces only less vertical force loss, but the amplitudes of the lift and pitching moment are larger, implying that a potential deflection angle scheme in hover is 50° for the canard and 0° for the horizontal tail.     

倾转旋翼机的多体运动建模与仿真(英文)

现有的倾转旋翼机建模着重于研究其复杂的气动特性,在飞行动力学运动方程方面则研究不足,均采用了普通固定翼飞机的六自由度刚体动力学方程。然而,倾转旋翼机在过渡模式,旋翼和短舱的倾转使飞机构型产生动态变化,除了造成气动力干扰以外,旋翼和短舱的倾转还会引起重心变化,而且由于高速旋转的旋翼倾转会产生陀螺力矩效应,造成对机体的姿态干扰,采用六自由度刚体动力学方程不能反映由此造成的多体惯性耦合问题。为此,本文提出将旋翼、短舱、机体视为不同运动实体,建立倾转旋翼机的多体动力学方程,以完善其飞行动力学建模。建模过程中首先对各个微元运用牛顿定律和角动量定理,然后对各实体积分得到了惯性系下多体动力学方程,最后通过转换得到机体坐标系下的多体动力学方程组。该方程组在形式上为隐式非线性微分方程组,需首先求解状态微分量的相容初值。然后采用Runge-Kutta-Felhberg积分算法,对隐式非线性微分方程组进行了数值仿真。以XV-15数据为例对模型和仿真算法进行检验,结果表明模型和仿真算法正确。建立的模型和采用的仿真算法对研究倾转旋翼机飞行动力学特性、飞行控制技术、飞行安全问题有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Prospects of using a permanent magnetic end effector to despin and detumble an uncooperative target

Space debris, such as defunct satellites and upper stages of rockets, becomes an uncooperative target after losing its attitude control and communication ability. In addition, tumbling motion can occur due to environmental perturbations and residual angular momentum prior to the object’s end-of-mission. To minimize the collision risk during docking and capturing of the tumbling target, a non-contact method based on the eddy current effect is put forward to transmit the control torque to the tumbling target. The main idea is to induce a controllable torque on the conducting surface of the tumbling target using a rotational magnetic field generated by a Halbach rotor. The radial and axial Halbach rotors are used to damp the spinning and nutation motions of the target, respectively. The normal and tangential force are evaluated concerning the relative pose between the chaser and the target. A simplified dynamic model of the nutation damping and despinning processes is developed and the influences of the asymmetrical principal moments of inertia and transverse angular velocity are discussed. The numerical simulation results show that the designed Halbach rotor stabilized the target attitude within an acceptable time. The electromagnetic nutation damping and despinning method provides new solutions for the development of on-orbit capture technology.     

CFD simulation of helicopter rotor flow based on unsteady actuator disk model

Actuator Disks (AD) can provide characterizations of rotor wakes while reducing computational expense associated with modeling the fully resolved blades. This work presents an unsteady actuator disk method based on surface circulation distribution combined with empirical data, blade element theory and rotor momentum theory. The nonuniform circulation distribution accounts for 3D blade load effects, and in particular, tip loses. Numerical simulations were conducted for the isolated pressure sensitive paint model rotor blade in hover and forward flight using the HMB3 CFD solver of Glasgow University. Validation of CFD results in comparison with published numerical data was performed in hover, for a range of blade pitch angles using fully turbulent flow and the k-ω SST model. In forward flight, the vortex structures predicted using the unsteady actuator disk model showed configurations similar to the ones obtained using fully resolved rotor blades. Despite the reduced grid cells number, the CFD results for AD models captured well the main vortical structures around the rotor disk in comparison to the fully resolved cases.     

螺旋桨滑流对自转旋翼气动特性影响分析

自转旋翼机在前飞时螺旋桨滑流穿过桨盘平面,为研究螺旋桨滑流对自转旋翼的非定常气动干扰,基于RANS(雷诺平均Navier-Stokes)方程,采用运动嵌套网格方法建立了适用于自转旋翼-螺旋桨气动干扰流场的计算分析方法,并对模型进行模拟。分析低速情况下,孤立状态自转旋翼和组合状态自转旋翼非定常气动特性及流场特性,研究不同速度及螺旋桨位置对自转旋翼气动特性的影响。计算结果表明螺旋桨滑流会影响自转旋翼在各方位角的升阻力特性,并引起自转旋翼尾迹在0°方位角附近发生畸变;相同升力下,来流速度越大旋翼后倾角越小,螺旋桨滑流对自转旋翼影响越小;增大螺旋桨与自转旋翼间距可以减弱螺旋桨滑流对自转旋翼的气动干扰。     

吸附式压气机叶型和抽吸方案优化设计

将智能优化算法与准三维叶栅计算程序相结合,对某吸附式压气机叶型进行了优化设计,对优化设计前后的流场进行了详细分析.优化设计之后叶型总压损失下降40%,静压升提高0.6%.优化得到最佳抽吸位置位于分离区起始点上游,优化叶型具有更均匀的负荷分布,并且优化后叶型的性能在全攻角范围内均得到了提升.结果表明:更均匀的负荷分布会提高叶型的性能,减小叶型分离,降低抽吸所需要的能量.对于在尾缘处存在轻微分离的叶型其最优抽吸位置位于分离区上游.     

跨声速轴流压气机不同工况下转子激波与导流叶片尾迹相互干涉研究

应用3维黏性流动计算软件Fine/Numeca,对某型1.5级跨声速轴流压气机进行内部流场和全工况特性数值模拟,得到该压气机特性曲线。在最高效率点和近失速点,在2种质量流量下,对压气机内部流场进行非定常对比计算,分析了在质量流量变小时,压气机内部流场的变化情况。     

机载离心式制冷压缩机设计及特性分析

开发制冷量等级为50 kW的超级小型化离心式制冷压缩机是发展新一代战斗机蒸发循环系统的关键技术.由于小流量特点,工业中使用的大型离心式制冷压缩机设计经验不能完全适用于小型离心式制冷压缩机设计及工作特性的预测.基于试验,提出相关设计方案,通过建立小流量离心式压缩机效率、压比等的特性计算方程,对所设计的压缩机进行性能预测,经试验数据验证,计算结果与试验数据较为接近.该研究结果可为国内发展机载蒸发循环用离心式制冷压缩机提供技术支持.     

轴承位置对涡轮泵转子系统稳定性的影响研究

针对低温液体火箭发动机涡轮泵转子非线性系统开展了轴承位置对稳定性的影响研究。建立了涡轮泵转子非线性系统的动力学模型,分别研究了理想安装时和非理想安装条件下泵端和涡轮端轴承位置变化对转子系统稳定性的影响,给出了失稳转速随轴向位置的变化规律,为液体火箭发动机涡轮泵转子系统结构设计、故障诊断与安装维护提供理论依据。     

转子叶尖间隙对高负荷压气机性能影响的数值计算和试验验证

为了研究高负荷压气机转子叶尖间隙对压气机性能的影响，采用数值模拟软件NUMECA对某4级压气机和其中的1个 典型级进行了不同间隙的计算。计算结果表明：当间隙超过叶高的0.52%后，叶尖流场出现堵塞，喘点压比衰减速度开始加剧，直 至5.24%性能衰减速度逐渐减弱；在多级环境中，4级压气机间隙增大叶高的0.5%，喘点压比降低了约0.6%～4.3%，间隙增大的叶 排作功能力降低是压气机喘点总压比降低的主要原因，其中前2级间隙增大对总性能影响较大。同时，通过4级压气机试验验证 了间隙对性能的影响，验证结果表明：间隙增大叶高的0.78%后，4级压气机喘点压比和峰值效率分别降低了1.4%和0.4%，在 65%～88%叶高时的压比和效率的性能衰减较为明显。