3D打印技术与传统加工技术对比的优缺点

随着计算机技术的飞速发展,3D打印(增材制造/快速成形)技术基于分层制造原理,采用材料逐层累加的方法,直接将数字化模型制造为实体零件,在多个领域具有广泛的应用前景。3D打印技术与传统加工各有千秋,3D打印与数控加工、铸锻造及模具制造等传统加工手段相结合,正在成为新产品快速成形与制造的方法之一。在民机制造领域,3D打印生产的零件,尤其是金属成形件,需要进一步的后处理(如热处理)才能投入生产使用。对于特定金属材料的3D打印成形零件,形状可以优化控制,并且结构静力性能可与铸锻件媲美。但是,由于无损检测能力的限制,3D打印零件内部孔隙度和微裂纹不可预测。对3D成形件的认识程度相比于传统加工还有较大差距,在民机应用中还有较长的路需要走。     

飞机座舱颗粒物浓度评估方法研究

飞机客舱内的空气品质越来越受到关注,舱内颗粒物浓度超过限值会对人体健康造成伤害。因此在飞机通风系统设计时必须考虑座舱颗粒物浓度限值对系统设计的约束。可吸入颗粒物包括粗颗粒物PM10和细颗粒物PM2.5。以某民用飞机为研究对象,提出飞机座舱颗粒物浓度评估方法。通过对国内外相关技术文献调研并进行指标权衡分析,得到颗粒物浓度权衡指标限值。以舒适值作为设计需求,对某民用飞机通风系统设计方案的需求符合性进行评估。结果表明,不考虑舱内源产生的颗粒物时,达到稳定的舱内颗粒物浓度与座舱容积、通风量无关,座舱内颗粒物浓度稳定值PM2.5为31.5μg/m^(3),PM10为51.75μg/m^(3)。为满足座舱颗粒物环境舒适性设计需求,需增加过滤器。经计算,不安装再循环过滤器时,引气过滤器效率最低限值为5.5%;不安装引气过滤器时,再循环过滤器效率最低限值要求为26%。     

定子双绕组异步发电机漏电抗计算的研究

漏电抗的准确计算是电机设计中十分关键的问题。基于静止励磁调节器的双绕组异步发电机定子绕组漏抗计算比传统的三相电机更复杂。首先给出了定子双绕组异步电机通用数学模型及等效电路,采用解析法对不同绕组结构的定子双绕组异步电机漏电抗计算进行了系统地分析,导出了相应的计算公式。最后,利用所得计算公式设计了一种静止励磁调节器控制的定子双绕组异步发电机,并对其定子漏电抗参数、性能指标及运行特性进行了计算。     

基于隶属度和LMK-ELM的航空电子部件诊断方法

为提高航空电子部件模块级故障诊断精度，提出一种新的面向"软聚类"的局部多核学习（LMKL）-超限学习机（ELM）离线诊断方法。通过引入模糊C均值聚类对样本空间进行模糊划分，挖掘聚类内部多样性的同时，实现了对过学习的抑制；将模糊划分产生的隶属度信息融入LMKL-ELM的优化过程，运用基于初始-对偶混合优化问题的三步优化策略克服了局部核权重二次非凸的问题，在l₁-范数与l₂-范数约束下分别给出了相应的更新方法。将所提方法应用于某型机前端接收机，结果表明：与4种流行的多核诊断方法相比，该方法可有效避免漏警、抑制虚警，在l₁-范数和l₂-范数约束下，其诊断精度比其他方法的平均值分别提升了4.09%和5.13%。     

星载合成孔径雷达图像的飞机目标检测

针对大场景下星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中飞机目标检测问题,提出一种端到端的飞机目标检测算法。先在大场景SAR图像中对机场目标进行粗检测,定位机场区域,再通过精确分割算法获得机场的精细区域。对机场区域中的飞机目标进行检测,采用一种基于Canny算子的边缘检测与卷积神经网络结合的飞机目标检测算法。通过飞机边缘检测、边界框预处理等操作确定潜在飞机目标在机场中的位置范围,采用基于GoogLeNet的卷积神经网络对可疑目标进行鉴别。利用星载合成孔径雷达数据对算法进行验证,证明该方法的有效性与实用性。     

Exploring mission planning method for a team of carrier aircraft launching

High-level efficiency and safety are of great significance for improving the fighting capability of an aircraft carrier. One way to enhance efficiency and safety level is to organize the carrier aircraft into combat effectively. This paper studies the mission planning problem for a team of carrier aircraft launching, and a novel distributed mission planning architecture is proposed. The architecture is hierarchical and is comprised of four levels, namely, the input level, the coordination level,the path planning level and the execution level. Realistic constraints in each level of the distributed architecture, such as the vortex flow effect, the crowd effect and the motion of aircraft, are considered in the model. To solve this problem, a distributed path planning algorithm based on the asynchronous planning strategy is developed. The proposed Mission Planning Approach for Carrier Aircraft Launching(MPACAL) is validated using the setups of the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier.Compared to the isolated planning architecture and the centralized planning architecture, the proposed distributed planning architecture has advantages in coordinating the launch tasks not only belonging to the same catapult but also when all different catapults are considered. The proposed MPACAL provides a modeling method for the flight deck operation on aircraft carrier.     

基于滚动时域的舰载机甲板运动轨迹跟踪最优控制

针对单机滑行、无杆牵引系统以及有杆牵引系统的轨迹跟踪问题进行了研究。首先，将这3种系统的轨迹跟踪问题转化为最优控制问题，并建立了连续非线性舰载机系统的轨迹跟踪模型。然后，基于第3类生成函数，提出了适用范围更广的全状态保辛伪谱算法，并结合滚动时域理论提出了基于滚动时域（RHC）的在线跟踪最优控制方法，证明了所提算法是一种保辛算法。基于所提出的在线跟踪算法，对单机滑行、无杆牵引系统、有杆牵引系统在存在初始偏差和持续外界扰动情况下的轨迹跟踪问题分别进行了研究，并与BackwardSweep方法进行对比分析，结果表明本文所提出的跟踪算法可以有效地解决具有控制约束和状态约束的轨迹跟踪问题，并可以更高的跟踪精度和计算效率对标准轨迹进行跟踪，可完全满足实时跟踪的要求。最后，分别从初始偏差和持续外界扰动的角度研究了这3种不同方式的跟踪特性。     

Kinematics-based four-state trajectory tracking control of a spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum

Spherical mobile robot has compact structure, remarkable stability, and flexible motion,which make it have many advantages over traditional mobile robots when applied in those unmanned environments, such as outer planets. However, spherical mobile robot is a special highly under-actuated nonholonomic system, which cannot be transformed to the classic chained form. At present, there has not been a kinematics-based trajectory tracking controller which could track both the position states and the attitude states of a spherical mobile robot. In this paper, the four-state(two position states and two attitude states) trajectory tracking control of a type of spherical mobile robot driven by a 2-DOF pendulum was studied. A controller based on the shunting model of neurodynamics and the kinematic model was deduced, and its stability was demonstrated with Lyapunov's direct method. The control priorities of the four states were allocated according to the magnification of each state tracking error in order to firstly ensure the correct tracking of the position states. The outputs(motor speeds) of the controller were regulated according to the maximum speeds and the maximum accelerations of the actuation motors in order to solve the speed jump problem caused by initial state errors, and continuous and bounded outputs were obtained. The effectiveness including the anti-interference ability of the proposed trajectory tracking controller was verified through MATLAB simulations.     

双驱动技术在超大型测量机系统中的应用

根据超大型测量机的结构与运动特点,将双光栅、双驱动技术应用到超大型测量机系统中,实现了超大型测量机双轴运动同步,给出了提高超大型测量机精度的方法。     

大型水陆两栖飞机抗浪能力研究

阐述了大型灭火/水上救援水陆两栖飞机高抗浪船体设计方法，对飞机起飞过程中的水阻力、滑行稳定性和波浪运动响应进行了研究。通过对比分析，发现断阶喷溅形态是影响水阻力出现第2峰值的关键因素，提出了水阻力曲线出现第2峰值的条件；分析了在纵倾角-速度图中不同区域滑行时飞机纵倾角响应特性，明确了飞机在典型状态的稳定边界；通过研究波长、速度对飞机纵倾角、飞高和机身垂向过载的影响，确定了飞机在波浪水面发生剧烈运动响应时对应的波长范围。