时间触发型FlexRay总线星载应用研究

提出将具备时间触发特征的新一代车载总线FlexRay引入小卫星星上电子系统,分析了FlexRay总线访问机制、数据帧结构、容错特性、网络时间同步等对星载应用的适应性,并给出基于该总线的星载网络设计及应用思路,对星载网络拓扑结构、节点信息传递方式、总线通信应用协议、网络节点实现等进行了初步设计,可为该总线的星载应用提供一定的技术参考。     

LEO卫星电源系统拓扑研究

基于30个近地轨道（LEO）卫星任务及其电源系统应用情况,在系统层面上对5种电源系统拓扑进行了分析比较,包括配置方式、控制原理、效率及器件等。针对功率调节性能和器件组成规模,选择配有最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）的升一降压调节器（B2R）作为多适用的电源系统拓扑。此系统适应LEO卫星需求,属于拓扑用途广泛的电源系统,可通过合理配置热备份的功率调节模块来实现功率组合及可靠性设计,具有较高的兼容性,能够满足中国LEO卫星任务需求。     

月球卫星氢镍蓄电池在轨管理技术及性能分析

针对月球卫星工作模式多,功率需求变化大,自主控制能力要求高的特点,防止蓄电池出现欠充电、过充电,确保卫星供电安全,文章提出了以电子电量计控制为主、压力控制为辅的氢镍蓄电池在轨自主管理技术,包括充电控制模式、多模式多速率充电管理、全光照期充电管理和月食充电管理等内容,并给出了电池在轨测试情况。在整个任务飞行过程中电池以优异的性能在轨运行,实践证明月球卫星氢镍蓄电池在轨管理技术合理、有效。     

卫星集群概念研究

卫星星座的核心特征是扩展覆盖,卫星编队飞行的核心特征是扩展基线,这些相关概念都已找到其突出优势的应用。模块化分离卫星的重点落在了卫星上,容易引起＂为什么用一群卫星取代一颗卫星＂的质疑,对认识集群技术、寻找其有突出优势的应用有误导作用。文章提出了卫星集群的概念,指出集群的组成是个性化的卫星而不是卫星分系统这一事实,重点应落在集群上;提出了卫星集群的核心特征是卫星之间的集群关系,包括信息、物质和能量等的自组织交换;提出了集群关系、个性化特征和进化能力是卫星集群的三个社会化基本特征;指出区分一颗卫星是否属于卫星集群的标准是看该卫星是否具有社会化特征;比对人类社会个体间相互联系,预测和分析了卫星集群的社会层次关系;指出卫星集群族级应用是突破口,为寻找卫星集群相对于单颗卫星具有突出优势的典型应用指出了思路和方向。     

四自由度飞机结冰脱落模拟研究

飞机表面的冰粒脱落可能会对安装在尾部的发动机和其他飞机部件造成破坏,直接影响到飞机的安全飞行。在对实际结冰脱落过程进行合理简化的基础上,建立了四自由度结冰脱落轨迹模型,应用3阶Runge-Kutta方法求解冰粒运动方程,并嵌入了气动阻尼对冰粒轨迹的影响;同时将计算得到的冰粒轨迹及转角与文献中的计算和试验结果进行了对比验证;最后模拟并分析了不同形状、尺寸、初始俯仰角及气动阻尼对于冰粒运动轨迹的影响,为飞机表面结冰脱落的进一步研究工作提供了参考。     

轨迹优化的直接数值解法综述

对飞行器轨迹优化的数值解法进行了系统的归纳与分析。从不同角度对数值解法的分支——直接法进行了概述;重点阐述了直接配点法的新进展——伪谱离散化方法;最后,介绍了相应的非线性规划求解器和实际应用中的多种轨迹优化软件包。     

基于Simulink的潜空导弹运载器水下弹道仿真

简要分析了潜空导弹无动力运载器的基本特征和基本要求;用四元数法和矢量矩阵法建立运载器水下空间运动的数学模型;利用Simulink仿真软件,建立运载器仿真模型,对运载器的水弹道特性进行仿真分析与计算。仿真表明,运载器离管速度对导弹出水时偏距影响很大,水中运动时间主要与发射深度有关。     

Characteristics and accuracies of the GRACE inter-satellite pointing

For almost 10 years, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has provided information about the Earth gravity field with unprecedented accuracy. Efforts are ongoing to approach the GRACE baseline accuracy as there still remains an order of magnitude between the present error level of the gravity field solutions and the GRACE baseline. At the current level of accuracy, thorough investigation of sensor related effects is necessary as they are one of the potential contributors to the error budget. In the science mode operations, the twin satellites are kept precisely pointed with their KBR antennas towards each other. It is the task of the onboard attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) to keep the satellites in the required formation. We analyzed long time series of the inter-satellite pointing variations as they reflect the AOCS performance and characteristics. We present significant systematic effects in the inter-satellite pointing and discuss their possible sources. Prominent features are especially related to the magnetic torquer characteristics, star cameras’ performance and KBR antenna calibration parameters. The relation between the magnetic torquer attitude control and the Earth magnetic field, impact of the different performance of the two star camera heads on the attitude control and the features due to uncertainties in the calibration parameters relating the star camera frame to K-frame are discussed in detail. Proper understanding of these effects will help to reduce their impact on the science data and subsequently increase the accuracy of the gravity field solutions. Moreover, understanding the complexity of the onboard system is essential not only for increasing the accuracy of the GRACE data but also for the development of the future gravity field satellite missions.     

A novel system parameters design and performance analysis method for Distributed Satellite-borne SAR system

As a promising new technology emerged in recent years, the Distributed Satellite-borne SAR (DSS) system with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imaging capability has been recognized by the remote sensing community as an integrated part of the spaceborne earth observation system. However, most researches on DSS were focused on individual aspects of system design/analysis and data processing, while few studies have been dedicated to establishing a standard methodological framework for universal DSS system design. Aiming at this problem, the topics of DSS system error analysis and design method are investigated in this paper. Firstly, a rigorous error propagation model of height measurement is theoretically derived from the DSS InSAR imaging geometry, and the impact of each error sources in this model on the height measurement accuracy is analyzed individually. In particular, the baseline length and its measurement error in the InSAR imaging plane are identified as the dominant factors. Second, a new method for DSS system design is proposed based on our analyses with the error propagation model. This method consists of two important phases, namely collaboration design and monostatic design. The major objective of collaboration design is to determine the configuration and parameters for the coordination between satellites in the DSS system. Afterwards, the key parameters for single satellite and the payload are determined by the monostatic design. Thirdly, a system performance analysis method is developed to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the pre-designed DSS system. In the next section, a typical example of DSS system design is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system design and analysis methods. The target DSS system has the same goal and hardware configuration as the TanDEM-X mission. Finally, the conclusion is drawn with our major findings are presented.     

Effects observed in the equatorial and low latitude ionospheric F-region in the Brazilian sector during low solar activity geomagnetic storms and comparison with the COSMIC measurements

The main objective of the present investigation has been to compare the ionospheric parameters (NmF2 and hmF2) observed by two ground-based ionospheric sounders (one at PALMAS- located near the magnetic equator and the other at Sao Jose dos Campos-located in the low-latitude region) in the Brazilian sector with that by the satellite FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation (RO) measurements during two geomagnetic storms which occurred in December 2006 and July 2009. It should be pointed out that in spite of increasing the latitude (to 10°) and longitude (to 20°) around the stations; we had very few common observations. It has been observed that both the peak electron density (NmF2) and peak height (hmF2) observed by two different techniques (space-borne COSMIC and ground-based ionosondes) during both the geomagnetic storm events compares fairly well (with high correlation coefficients) at the two stations in the Brazilian sector. It should be pointed out that due to equatorial spread F (ESF) in the first storm (December 2006) and no-reflections from the ionosphere during nighttime in the second storm (July 2009), we had virtually daytime data from the two ionosondes.