基于代理模型的二元收扩喷管流道型面优化设计

在二元收扩（2D-CD）喷管设计参数对喷管气动性能影响研究的基础上,以获得尽可能高的喷管推力系数为目标,以喉道宽高比、喉道型面半径比、收敛半角和扩张半角为设计变量,对二元收扩喷管的流道型面进行了优化设计。设计过程中,利用正交试验设计方法确定初始样本点,建立喷管推力系数与设计参数间的Kriging代理模型,采用自适应模拟退火算法（ASA）对代理模型进行分析求解。结果表明,二元收扩喷管的优化型面参数为:喉道宽高比为6,喉道型面半径比为0.3,收敛半角为15°,扩张半角为5.64°,此时最大推力系数为0.97847,流量系数为0.98778.      

Simultaneous state and actuator fault estimation for satellite attitude control systems

In this paper, a new nonlinear augmented observer is proposed and applied to satellite attitude control systems. The observer can estimate system state and actuator fault simultaneously. It can enhance the performances of rapidly-varying faults estimation. Only original system matrices are adopted in the parameter design. The considered faults can be unbounded, and the proposed augmented observer can estimate a large class of faults. Systems without disturbances and the fault whose finite times derivatives are zero piecewise are initially considered, followed by a discussion of a general situation where the system is subject to disturbances and the finite times derivatives of the faults are not null but bounded. For the considered nonlinear system, convergence conditions of the observer are provided and the stability analysis is performed using Lyapunov direct method. Then a feasible algorithm is explored to compute the observer parameters using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by considering an example of a closed-loop satellite attitude control system. The simulation results show satisfactory perfor-mance in estimating states and actuator faults. It also shows that multiple faults can be estimated successfully.     

Parachute dynamics and perturbation analysis of precision airdrop system

To analyze the parachute dynamics and stability characteristics of precision airdrop system,the fluid–structure interaction(FSI) dynamics coupling with the flight trajectory of a parachute–payload system is comprehensively predicted by numerical methods.The inflation behavior of a disk-gap-band parachute is specifically investigated using the arbitrary Lagrangian–Euler(ALE) penalty coupling method.With the available aerodynamic data obtained from the FSI simulation,a nine-degree-of-freedom(9DOF) dynamic model of a parachute–payload system is built and solved to simulate the descent trajectory of the multi-body dynamic system.Finally,a linear five-degree-of-freedom(5DOF) dynamic model is developed,the perturbation characteristics and the motion laws of the parachute and payload under a wind gust are analyzed by the linearization method and verified by a comparison with flight test data.The results of airdrop test demonstrate that our method can be further applied to the guidance and control of precision airdrop systems.     

A dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated navigation method for planetary rovers

Inertial navigation system/visual navigation system (INS/VNS) integrated navigation is a commonly used autonomous navigation method for planetary rovers. Since visual measurements are related to the previous and current state vectors (position and attitude) of planetary rovers, the performance of the Kalman filter (KF) will be challenged by the time-correlation problem. A state augmentation method, which augments the previous state value to the state vector, is commonly used when dealing with this problem. However, the augmenting of state dimensions will result in an increase in computation load. In this paper, a state dimension reduced INS/VNS integrated nav-igation method based on coordinates of feature points is presented that utilizes the information obtained through INS/VNS integrated navigation at a previous moment to overcome the time rel-evance problem and reduce the dimensions of the state vector. Equations of extended Kalman filter (EKF) are used to demonstrate the equivalence of calculated results between the proposed method and traditional state augmented methods. Results of simulation and experimentation indicate that this method has less computational load but similar accuracy when compared with traditional methods.     

基于动态逆-滑模的高速飞行器控制器设计

吸气式高超声速飞行器巡航状态下飞行环境复杂,建模时存在非线性以及参数摄动.基于小扰动假设的传统经典控制理论难以适应当前任务对鲁棒性的要求,对此提出了一种非线性动态逆-滑模控制律改进方法.通过对吸气式高超声速飞行器模型精确反馈线性化得到解耦形式的线性方程,为速度和高度设计出动态逆控制律来抵消非线性特性,在动态逆的基础上采用滑模变结构来补偿参数摄动带来的误差.仿真结果表明,所设计的控制方法具有良好的动态性能及鲁棒性.     

基于动态面控制的多弹协同制导控制方法

为实现多枚导弹对目标进行饱和攻击,基于动态面控制理论设计了具有攻击时间约束的制导控制方法.综合弹目距离方程和动力学方程建立了制导控制一体化模型,改进设计了基于弹目距离信息的协同策略;考虑导弹速度变化、目标运动、导弹框架角受限以及避免控制器奇异等因素,设计了协同策略中的关键参数,并给出了导弹群理想协同攻击时间的选取方法.在导弹控制输入受限的前提下,采用动态面控制理论设计了导弹扰动鲁棒控制器.仿真结果表明,所提方法能够在满足多种约束的前提下,以较高的精度实现对目标的饱和攻击.     

加装吊舱对飞机操稳特性的影响及其尺寸界定

在机身等部位加装吊舱会导致飞机气动外形发生变化,为保证飞行安全,需要评估吊舱对飞机操稳特性的影响.通过CFD方法计算了某型飞机在加装不同尺寸吊舱下的气动特性,在原型机基础上通过增量法建立飞机飞行动力学模型,以必要的操稳特性指标为依据,评估加装吊舱对原型机操稳特性的影响,并结合飞行品质标准及飞机使用限制,给出了吊舱尺寸界限.结果表明,加装吊舱对原型机短周期模态、螺旋模态、定常直线平飞和俯仰拉升时的操纵有一定的影响,依据影响绘制尺寸界定区域图可为飞机改装提供依据.     

多机场协同决策进离场航班排序模型及算法研究

多机场终端区内的航线网络错综复杂,来往同一方向的航班会共用一个交接点,航班的起飞降落不仅要考虑各方向航空器的运行间隔和各受限单元容量的限制,还需着重考虑交接点的间隔限制.基于终端区多机场多元受限情况,建立了终端区多机场协同决策进离场航班排序模型,并设计了递归遗传算法.首先以各机场为单位采用遗传算法进行航班排序,得出各机场延误时间最小的排队序列,之后将各机场航班在交接点处进行聚类并排序,再将各交接点的排队序列反推回各机场,运用递归算法不断优化各机场的航班序列,在保证安全运行的基础上,最终得出各机场的航班排队序列.仿真结果表明,该算法优化效果显著,各机场的总延误时间减少了48.2％,可有效缓解多机场航班延误.     

基于试验设计-遗传算法的船用柴油机冷却系统多目标优化

为了获取某型船用柴油机冷却系统的最佳运行参数,在柴油机可靠运行的前提下,尽量提升动力性和经济性。建立了柴油机工作过程-燃烧室-冷却系统耦合仿真模型,提出试验设计-遗传算法优化算法,该算法具备节省试验成本和多目标全局寻优的优势,选取柴油机的6个典型推进工况点进行研究,采用该算法对冷却系统运行参数开展多目标优化设计,优化设计以海、淡水泵转速为变量因子,以提升动力性参数和经济性参数为目标,以涡前排温、淡水出机温度和峰值缸压为约束条件,优化后,在低负荷点,淡、海水泵节省功耗79.4%、71.73%,扭矩提升7.2%,有效功率提升7.6%,热效率提升8%,耗油率降低6.73%,摩擦功降低9.71%,峰值缸压降低5%。研究结果表明：耦合仿真模型与实机更加贴近;试验设计-遗传算法在解决强耦合、非线性系统的多目标优化问题具备成本低、效率高、精度高的优点。     

基于视觉引导着陆的微小型四旋翼设计及实现

为了增强四旋翼的自主性,借用视觉导航方法要求在GPS丢失信号或信号精度不高的情况下进行辅助定位,使得四旋翼能够在某些特殊需求场合自动着陆。针对Harris角点检测算法计算量大的问题,设计了一种快速、准确的标志图像识别算法,将一个区域内的所有角点转换成一个单值角点,替代了Harris算法中的局部非极大值抑制算法,减小了计算量,并进一步设计了视觉模式下的姿态与位置转换算法和视觉着陆控制算法。为了验证所设计算法的可行性和有效性,基于STM32单片机搭建了微型四旋翼实验平台系统,并实时在线进行了性能实验,结果表明,标志图像识别算法能正确检测和识别出标志图像,视觉着陆算法也成功实现了四旋翼实验平台的着陆功能。