仿生变构型飞行器智能控制技术:进展与展望

仿生变构型飞行器是一种为适应环境和任务的变化而具备动物外部构型变化能力的新型飞行器，变构型的动态飞行特征给控制系统设计带来了一系列挑战。飞行器仿生变构型的过程是一种飞行器“眼、耳、脑、体、翼”等多器官协调的智能行为，控制系统设计的主要目标是在“感知—决策—反馈—执行”全控制回路的框架下解决“为何变”“如何变”等智能行为的设计问题，赋予飞行器(特别是无人飞行器)在复杂干扰和不确定环境下强自主、强适应、强生存等智能能力。结合近年来智能控制和仿生技术的发展，从仿生智能的视角梳理变构型飞行器控制技术的研究现状和存在问题，指出仿生变构型飞行器设计需要完成从“方法论”“系统论”设计到“环境/任务/系统一体化”设计亦即“行为论”设计的跨越;进一步提出了机理与数据混合驱动建模、多维信息仿生感知、智能自适应变形决策、变形与飞行一体化控制、全回路安全控制等前沿科学问题，并给出了可能的解决思路。     

Measurement-driven Gauss-Hermite particle filter with soft spatiotemporal constraints for multi-optical theodolites target tracking

Multi-Optical Theodolite Tracking systems (MOTTs) can stealthily extract the target’s status information from bearings only through non-contact measurement. The constrained MOTTs are partially compatible, yet many existing research works and results are based on the known model, ignoring its discrimination with the target maneuvering behavior pattern. To compensate for these mismatches, this paper develops a Measurement-driven Gauss-Hermite Particle Filter (MGHPF), which elegantly fuses the spatiotemporal constraints and its soft form to perform MOTT missions. Specifically, the target dynamic model and tracking algorithm are based on the target behavior pattern with the adaptive turn rate, fully exploiting the spatial epipolar geometry characteristics for each intersection measurement by a minimax strategy. Then, the center of the feasible area is approximated via the analytic coordinate transformation, and the latent samples are updated via the deterministic Gauss-Hermite integral method with the target’s predictive turn rate. Simultaneously, the effects of truncation correction and compensation feedback from the current measurement and historical estimation data are adaptively incorporated into the PF’s importance distribution to cover the mixture likelihood. Besides, an effective causality-invariant updating rule is provided to estimate the parameters of these soft spatiotemporal constrained MOTTs with convergence guarantees. Simulated and measured results show good agreement; compared with the state-of-the-art Multi-Model Rao-Blackwell Particle Filter (MMRBPF), the proposed MGHPF improves the filtering accuracy by 7.4%-34.7% and significantly reduces the computational load.     

多孔氮化硅高温氧化特性分析

采用TG-DSC、XRD、SEM、ICP 等分析手段,对某一典型多孔氮化硅样品进行4 个不同温度点的

静态和微动态连续氧化试验,最高氧化温度为1 400℃。结果表明:多孔氮化硅在0. 1 MPa 静态空气气氛下,

800℃之前,氧化反应非常微弱,800℃以上可见明显的氧化反应,1 000℃以上氧化反应加剧,增重速率加快,并

优先发生在表面与外部孔壁处,之后再发生在样品的内部孔隙处,氧化反应受界面处的化学动力学控制,以被

动氧化为主,主要生成物是SiO2,属吸热反应。当生成的SiO2 将氮化硅表面和孔壁处覆盖时,在其界面处,随

着温度的进一步升高或时间的延长,会生成Si2N2O,且需要注意防范样品可能出现脆性断裂情况。此外,同等

温度下,动态氧化气氛将加速氮化硅的氧化,特别是多孔和粉末状样品。

     

Study on the Deformation Behavior of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Mn Wrought Magnesium Alloys by Visco-plastic Self-consistent Modeling

The plastic deformation behavior of new Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Mn magnesium alloys gains great necessity to clarify and understand the mechanism deeply. In the present work， the tensile mechanical property test and visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model are used to investigate the activities of deformation modes of VW84M and VW94M magnesium alloys during the tensile deformation. The results show that the mechanical properties of the above extruded alloys are similar but VW94M has higher strength than VW84M after the same aging process. Compared with the extruded alloys， the as-aged alloys have significantly higher activation of pyramidal slip at the later stage of plastic deformation. In addition， the as-aged VW94M alloy with higher strength has the largest activity of pyramidal slip. In summary， the addition of Gd increases the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) in each slip system of VW94M， while the increase in the strength and the decrease in the elongation of as-aged alloys are associated with the significant activation of pyramidal slip.     

厚板三浦折展机构的几何设计与运动分析

空间折展机构与一般运动机构不同，其对构件的几何形貌有着严格的要求。基于厚板折纸理论构造出两种三浦厚板折展单元——Bennett机构单元和球面四杆机构单元，在保证机构可以从展开状态运动到收拢状态且不发生物理干涉的前提下，以折展单元可无限次叠加组网为设计目标，分析构件几何参数应满足的约束条件，阐述模块化组成大尺度厚板三浦折展机构的原理和过程，提出Bennett组网和混合组网两种模块扩展方式。通过建立Bennett扩展模块和球面扩展模块的运动学模型，验证两种厚板三浦折展机构的运动等价关系。研究不同几何参数对机构折展率的影响规律，提出一种根据给定折展率要求对机构进行优化设计的方法，为厚板三浦折展机构的运动特性分析和几何参数优化奠定了理论基础。     

Biaxial tensile behavior of Ti-6Al-4V under proportional loading

The biaxial tensile behavior of isotropic Ti-6Al-4 V is characterized in this paper. A novel cruciform specimen was designed and optimized to achieve uniform stress and strain distribution within the gauge area. Biaxial tensile tests were conducted at three different loading ratios by the biaxial testing machine. The Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique was applied to determine strain distribution, and a high-speed camera was employed to record the fracture process. An Inverse Analysis (IA) approach with a combined experimental and numerical method was proposed to determine the true stresses at the gauge section of the specimen during biaxial tensile tests. The results indicate that the initial yield locus can be described by the Cazacu criterion accurately, whereas the Mises criterion can predict better the strengthening behavior of Ti-6Al-4 V in the first quadrant in the principal stress space.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of mechanical behavior of plain woven CFRP composites subjected to three-point bending

The mechanical behavior of plain woven Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composites under Three-Point Bending (TPB) is investigated via experimental and numerical approaches. Multiscale models, including microscale, mesoscale and macroscale models, have been developed to characterize the TPB strength and damages. Thereinto, Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) of the microscale and mesoscale structures are established to determine the effective properties of carbon-fiber yarn and CFRP composites, respectively. Aimed at accurately and efficiently predicting the TPB behavior, an Equivalent Cross-Ply Laminate (ECPL) cell is proposed to simplify the inherent woven architecture, and the effective properties of the subcell are computed using a local homogenization approach. The macroscale model of the TPB specimen is constructed by a topology structure of ECPL cells to predict the mechanical behavior. The TPB experiments have been performed to validate the multiscale models. Both the experimental and numerical results reveal that delamination mainly appears in the top and bottom interfaces of the CFRP laminates. And matrix cracking and delamination are identified as the significant damage modes during the TPB process. Finally, the quasi-static and dynamic behaviors of plain woven composites are discussed by comparing the results of Low-Velocity Impact (LVI) and TPB simulations.     

Local empirical model of ionospheric variability

The paper presents an analysis of the ionospheric variability as a function of local time, month, and geomagnetic activity level. The 2003–2020 dataset of peak electron densities (NmF2) from the Irkutsk DPS-4 Digisonde (52.3°N, 104.3°E) was converted into the dataset of the NmF2 disturbances (ΔNmF2) representing the relative (percentage) deviations of the NmF2 from the 27-day running median. The ΔNmF2 dataset was used to calculate root mean square values of ΔNmF2 (σNmF2) by 27-day running averaging. These σNmF2 values were considered as a measure of ionospheric variability. The σNmF2 as function of local time, day of year, and year was the input for building the local empirical model of ionospheric variability based on the linear regression of σNmF2 on the 27-day average daily Ap-index of geomagnetic activity. The paper demonstrates the diurnal-seasonal variations in σNmF2 under low geomagnetic activity (linear regression intercept) as well as the rate of increase/decrease in σNmF2 with increasing Ap (linear regression slope). The obtained diurnal, seasonal, and geomagnetic activity behavior of σNmF2 is compared with previous studies of ionospheric variability.     

新型SiBCN杂化树脂的固化及裂解机理

以硅乙烯基1,7-碳硼烷为B源与含乙烯基硅氮烷反应生成了一种新型的SiBCN杂化树脂。采用FT-IR、DSC、TGA和Py GC-MS对树脂的结构、固化行为、热稳定性、热裂解反应和过程进行了研究,并用Kissinger方程和FWO法计算出了固化反应和热裂解的表观活化能,分析了树脂的裂解过程及机理。结果表明:这种杂化树脂在固化过程中存在一个放热峰,固化表观活化能为113.55 k J/mol,具有较好的热稳定性,N_2气氛下,T_d~5为459℃,900℃下的残碳率为73.1%。随着裂解反应程度的增加,树脂裂解的表观活化能增加,动力学热稳定性增强。当裂解温度为300℃时,树脂主要发生转氨基反应,裂解产生NH_3;500℃时,有机基团脱除,树脂裂解产生NH_3、CH_4和CH_2=CH_2等烯烃;650℃时,裂解气体种类进一步增加,生成一系列烷烃和烯烃。