Multiscale modeling of mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of 3D angle-interlock woven aluminum composites subjected to warp/weft directional tension loading

The mechanical behavior and progressive damage mechanism of novel aluminum matrix composites reinforced with 3D angle-interlock woven carbon fibers were investigated using a multiscale modeling approach. The mechanical properties and failure of yarns were evaluated using a microscale model under different loading scenarios. On this basis, a mesoscale model was developed to analyze the tensile behavior and failure mechanism of the composites. The interfacial decohesion, matrix damage, and failure of fibers and yarns were incorporated into the microscopic and mesoscopic models. The stress–strain curves and fracture modes from simulation show good agreement with the experimental curves and fracture morphology. Local interface and matrix damage initiate first under warp directional tension. Thereafter, interfacial failure, weft yarn cracking, and matrix failure occur successively. Axial fracture of warp yarn, which displays a quasi-ductile fracture characteristic, dominates the ultimate composites failure. Under weft directional tension, interfacial failure and warp yarn rupture occur at the early and middle stages. Matrix failure and weft yarn fracture emerge simultaneously at the final stage, leading to the cata-strophic failure of composites. The weft directional strength and fracture strain are lower than the warp directional ones because of the lower weft density and the more serious brittle fracture of weft yarns.     

A novel surrogate modeling strategy of the mechanical properties of 3D braided composites

In this paper, a surrogate-based modeling methodology is developed and presented to predict the elastic properties of three dimensional (3D) four-directional braided composites. Using this approach, the prediction process becomes feasible with only a limited number of training points. The surrogate models constructed using Finite Element (FE) method and Diffuse Approximation, reduce the computational time and cost for preparing experimental samples. In the FE model, multiscale method is applied to couple the computations of elastic properties at microscale and mesoscale. Subsequently, a parametric study is performed to analyze the effects of the three design parameters on the elastic properties. Satisfactory results are obtained via the surrogate-based modeling predictions, which are compared with the experimental measurements. Moreover, the predictions obtained from surrogate models concur well with the FE predictions. This study orients a new direction for predicting the mechanical properties based on surrogate models which can effectively reduce the sample preparation cost and computational efforts.     

Modified micro-mechanics based multiscale model for progressive failure prediction of 2D twill woven composites

To consider fiber random distribution at the microscale for the multiscale model based on the micro-mechanics failure (MMF) theory, clustering method is used for the extraction of amplification factors. As the clustering method is a kind of unsupervised machine learning method, the elements with similar mechanical behavior under external loading can be included in a cluster automatically at the microscale. With this modification, the fiber random distribution model can be used for multiscale damage analysis in the framework of MMF theory. To validate the modified multiscale analysis method, progressive damage analysis of a kind of 2D twill woven composites is conducted based on different microscale models. The stress values for microscale models with fiber hexagonal and random distribution patterns are compared first. Much higher stress concentration is generated in the fiber random distribution model due to the smaller inter-fiber distance especially under longitudinal shear loading. The obtained cluster distribution results exhibit the characters of the stress distribution in the two microscale models. Thereafter, tensile and compressive responses of the 2D twill woven composite are predicted with the modified multiscale analysis method and accuracy of the method is verified through comparison with published experimental results. From the simulation results, it can be found that the matrix damage initiation from the model based on the fiber random distribution model is premature compared with that from the model based on the fiber hexagonal distribution model. Besides, under tensile loading, the damage all initiates from the fill tows and propagates to the wrap tows. However, under compressive loading, the matrix damage initiates from the wrap tows in the model based on the fiber random distribution model.     

纤维增强复合材料层合板分层扩展行为研究进展

纤维增强复合材料层合板在航空航天等领域被广泛应用，分层损伤是层合板主要的损伤形式，一直是复合材料力学研究的焦点问题之一。本文从试验研究、理论分析和数值模拟3个方面对国内外在纤维增强复合材料分层问题所取得的研究成果进行了系统综述，重点介绍了单向复合材料I型、Ⅱ型和I/Ⅱ复合型层间断裂韧性测试方法和原理以及多向层合板分层扩展行为的试验研究。得到了表征和评价分层失效机理和扩展行为的纤维桥接模型、静力分层扩展准则和疲劳分层模型，并详细阐述了采用内聚力模型（CZM）、虚拟裂纹闭合技术（VCCT）和扩展有限元方法（XFEM）等先进数值方法模拟分层扩展的研究现状。最后，对复合材料层合板分层扩展研究的发展方向进行了展望。     

层合板干涉螺接分层损伤及其临界干涉量

复合材料层合板的干涉配合连接具有优越的性能,是飞机复合材料结构连接的发展趋势。然而,层合板在干涉连接过程中易出现分层损伤。针对以上问题,采用理论建模与有限元模拟方法研究了碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)层合板干涉螺接过程中的分层损伤及其临界干涉量。首先,对CFRP层合板的干涉螺接工艺过程和分层损伤进行力学行为分析;然后,基于虚功原理,建立了各层界面的分层损伤临界轴向力计算模型,结合插钉力与干涉量间的关系,建立临界干涉量的预测模型,求得分层损伤的临界干涉量;最后,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对CFRP层合板干涉螺接过程进行数值模拟,应用内聚力单元建立层合板层间界面,模拟了CFRP层合板在不同干涉量时的分层损伤机理,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)实验观测了细观分层损伤。研究结果显示:干涉量是影响CFRP层合板分层损伤的主要工艺参数;层合板中越靠下边的层间界面,其不产生分层损伤的临界轴向力和临界干涉量越小,即越容易产生分层损伤。     

碳纤维束大小对2D C/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

通过对2种丝束大小平纹机织的碳纤维布增强SiC(C/SiC)复合材料的力学性能实验,研究了纤维束丝束大小(1k和3k)对复合材料力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:纤维束大小不同,导致纤维束弯曲程度和复合材料孔隙率不同,从而使得C/SiC复合材料力学性能产生差异。     

混合机织复合材料低速冲击损伤有限元分析

将二维机织碳布和单向碳布预浸料按照一定比例铺设成的混合机织复合材料兼具比刚度、比强度高、抗低速冲击损伤以及工艺性好等优点.采用基于三维非协调层合元的动力学有限元分析方法,对由二维机织缎纹碳布和单向碳布混合铺设而成的复合材料层合板进行了低速冲击有限元计算分析.针对二维机织碳布的特殊力学性质,提出了修正的分层扩展判据,建立了低速冲击损伤面积的分析方法.在不同冲击能量下,针对不同铺层结构和厚度的计算结果与试验结果皆吻合的很好.分析结果表明,由于分层破坏机理不同,加入机织铺层后能够有效降低低速冲击导致的分层损伤.     

树脂基三维机织复合材料结构与力学性能的关系研究

通过拉伸、弯曲、压缩等实验,评价了4种不同结构的三维机织角联锁织物增强的碳/树脂基复合材料结构与力学性能的关系.结果表明:对于纤维体积含量相近的4种不同结构的3D机织复合材料而言,它们之间的拉伸、弯曲、压缩性能差异很大,在2倍左右;衬经纱和衬纬纱可以显著改善力学性能;纤维与树脂之间的界面破坏-脱粘是3D机织复合材料最先发生失效的形式;带衬经衬纬的No.1结构复合材料的综合力学性能最佳.可以推断,改进界面结合力能大大提高3D机织复合材料的力学性能.     

损伤对平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料梁振动特性影响的试验研究

为研究平纹编织陶瓷基复合材料（CMCs）梁受损伤影响的非线性振动特性,本文分别开展了拉伸试验和振动试验。拉伸试验用于获得平纹编织CMCs受损伤影响的变刚度行为,多次正弦扫频试验用于获得振动载荷下平纹编织CMCs梁受损伤影响的非线性行为。拉伸试验得到的非线性应力-应变曲线表明材料受损伤影响变刚度行为明显。梁初始固有频率的试验值与理论值相比,相对误差小于1%。振动试验结果从两方面表明了损伤对梁振动特性的影响。一是模态参数的变化,固有频率从初始值（256.44Hz）不断减小,阻尼比呈现增大趋势,而共振位移幅值受固有频率和阻尼比的耦合作用发生非线性且非单调变化。固有频率的变化造成位移幅频特性曲线的左移现象。二是位移幅频特性曲线的多峰现象,在多处载荷频率下产生了位移峰值点。本文的试验结果可用于指导平纹编织CMCs结构动力学计算理论模型的建立。     

碳纤维复合材料超声扫描分层检测及评价方法

由于碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）具有各向异性的特点,在其钻削加工中极易形成分层、撕裂以及毛刺等加工缺陷,而分层对碳纤维层合板构件的性能影响最大,因而建立一套准确的针对分层缺陷的检测、描述以及评价方法对层合结构碳纤维复合材料的有效应用具有重大意义。从分层缺陷的形成机理出发,通过对现有分层缺陷的检测以及评价体系的分析,提出了基于高频超声扫描显微镜（SAM）来进行分层缺陷检测评价的三维体积分层因子评价方法,并针对T800/X850碳纤维单向层合板对该方法进行了定征试验,最后通过对实际加工孔的分层缺陷的评价,综合对比了三维体积分层因子评价方法与传统评价方法的应用效果。结果表明：分层缺陷是由力热耦合引起的层间粘结失效,出口处更为严重;用超声扫描显微镜检测分层,可检测不少于8层的碳纤维复合材料,至少可以清晰表达5层的内部分层特征;分层会发生隔层传播,并且两个相邻铺层为同向的层间结合强度最好,不易产生隔层传播;三维体积分层因子可以更准确清晰地评价复合材料层合结构的内部缺陷。     

CFRP复合材料超声振动套孔分层抑制机理分析

针对碳纤维增强复合材料在传统钻孔过程易出现分层缺陷,采用金刚石空心套刀和超声振动加工技术进行了CFRP超声振动套孔分层抑制机理分析。理论分析了传统麻花钻钻孔与金刚石套刀普通套孔过程的分层机理及评价,超声振动套孔对分层抑制的机理,并且进行了实验验证。结果表明:相比于CFRP普通套孔,超声振动套孔能够有效提高套刀切削性能和排屑效果,降低钻削力12.5%～19.2%,抑制切屑粉尘黏附套刀和料芯堵塞套刀,抑制CFRP分层缺陷形成,改善孔表面质量。     

含缺陷C/SiC平纹机织复合材料拉伸力学行为数值模拟

采用APDL语言实现ANSYS的二次开发,建立含预制缺陷的纤维束截面卵圆形多尺度单胞模型。首先计算纤维束单胞的初始模量,强度以及最大应变;随后利用扫描电镜图中的缺陷建立单胞模型,并引入周期性边界条件,预测材料的初始各向材料常数。同时利用Linde提出的逐渐损伤准则,进行单轴拉伸力学行为的数值模拟,并阐述该平纹机织复合材料单胞模型在经向拉伸载荷作用下其纤维束的损伤及演化过程。该模型计算得到的最大拉应度为0.65%,强度为256.46 MPa。结果表明,该模型给出的数值模拟结果与实验数据吻合较好,证明了模型的有效性,为该类材料的优化设计及其力学性能分析提供了一种有效方法。     

CFRP切削过程中的监测控制研究进展

CFRP加工过程的实时监测和控制是提升零件最终加工质量的重要手段。本文从加工过程物理仿真、数学模型及智能模型三方面总结了CFRP切削加工预测方法研究现状。同时,基于切削过程状态信息获取、特征信息提取以及监测模型构建等方面概述了刀具磨损和加工质量在线监测方法研究进展。在此基础上,探讨了关于在CFRP切削过程中切削力和振动的在线智能控制方法。最后针对以上几方面未来的研究趋势进行了分析和展望。     

不同纤维预制体结构对SiC_f/PyC/SiBCN复合材料力学性能的影响

使用不同织造方式(二维机织,法向增强2.5维机织和三维五向编织)制备了3种SiC纤维预制体,采用树脂转移模塑(RTM)和聚合物浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺制备了SiC_f/PyC/SiBCN复合材料。观察复合材料的显微组织,测试弯曲强度、拉伸强度、压缩强度等力学性能,探究不同预制体结构对复合材料力学性能的影响行为。结果表明:同一预制体结构在不同方向的纤维分布不同导致材料力学性能的各向异性;不同预制体结构对材料力学性能有着显著的影响。     

复合材料层合板抗冲击损伤的参数表征

研究了铺层方式为［０２／９０２／４５２／－４５２］ｓ的航空用碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（ＣＦＲＰ）准各向同性层合板低速冲击引起损伤的表征问题。通过落重冲击试验引入损伤程度Ｄ表示材料低速冲击后材料参数的变化大小，通过准静态球面弯曲试验提出复合材料层合板抗冲击的三种表征参数：层内开裂临界能Ｅ１ｃ、层间开裂（分层）临界能Ｅ２ｃ、分层扩展阻力Ｒ．     

Modeling high-speed cutting of SiCp/Al composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model

In this paper, we attempts to investigate cutting mechanisms in high-speed cutting of Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model in the equivalent homogeneous material (EHM) framework. By combining macroscale EHM modeling and underlying microscale physical mechanisms, a feasible semi-phenomenological plastic model is proposed for prediction of cutting forces and chip morphology during high-speed turning Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites. This model incorporates the modified Weibull weakest-link effect to represent the strain-based damage evolution in large deformations. This proposed semi-phenomenological constitutive model is implemented by compiling material subroutines into cutting finite element (FE) codes. The effects of the critical shear stresses on chip formation that depend on the tool-chip frictional coefficient are accounted for in the cutting FE model. The chip formation mechanism affecting material removal behaviors during high-speed turning is further investigated. The capabilities of the proposed constitutive model are evaluated by comparing cutting forces and chip morphologies between experiments and simulations at different cutting speeds associated with strain rates. The EHM-based and microstructure-based models are further compared in both computational efficiency and accuracy. The simulation results show that the developed semi-phenomenological constitutive formalism and cutting model are promising and efficient tools for further investigation of dynamic mechanical and cutting behaviors of particle-reinforced composites with different volume fraction and particle size.     

2. 5D 衍生结构SiO2 f / SiO2 复合材料的经向力学性能

以几种不同的2.5D衍生结构织物为增强体,制备了法向增强、经向增强及经法向增强2.5D Si O2f/Si O2复合材料,比较了上述材料与现有2.5D Si O2f/Si O2复合材料的经向力学性能,并研究了经法向增强2.5D结构复合材料中增强纱比例、纤维体积分数与材料性能之间的关系,对织物结构进行了优化。结果表明,经法向增强2.5D Si O2f/Si O2复合材料的经向力学性能较现有2.5D复合材料有显著提高,该材料在较低密度下(1.6 g/cm3),经向拉伸强度与现有材料(1.65 g/cm3)持平,且经向压缩强度接近现有材料的4.3倍。     

2.5维机织复合材料细观几何模型及刚度预测方法研究进展

本文从2.5维机织复合材料细观几何结构出发,讨论了织造及成型工艺对材料实际细观几何结构的影响,并分析了不同纱线截面及路径假设所建立代表性体积胞的优缺点。对考虑工艺因素的代表性体积胞是否具有统一性和体素单元法建模的合理性做出对比分析。在代表性体积胞的基础上,重点讨论了2.5维机织复合材料刚度的数值预测方法,并将其与刚度的理论预测方法作了简单对比。基于刚度的数值预测方法,分析了各种机织参数对刚度系数的影响,并且对比了不同代表性体积胞模型的应力场。此外,还讨论了2.5维机织复合材料叶片的建模分析技术与刚度设计方法。最后,指出了当前2.5维机织复合材料细观建模及刚度预测方法存在的问题与不足,并且对其力学性能研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

带CFRP箍环整体叶盘强度和寿命分析及试验

1引言随着叶轮机叶尖切线速度的日益提高,传统转子材料和结构的使用已经达到了极限。带碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)箍环整体叶盘(blisk)结构是上世纪90年代国外在风扇转子设计中采用的一种新型结构形式[1,2],其特点是在整体叶盘叶尖位置有金属外环,在外环上带有CFRP箍环,叶片的部     

NiAl合金基原位复合材料的反应热压法制备和拉伸性能

研究了反应热压技术（包括反应轴向热压（ＲＨＰ）和反应热等静压（ＲＨＩＰ）法）制备的Ｎｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｆｅ３０（ＮｉＡｌ（Ｆｅ））基原位复合材料的微观组织和拉伸性能。结果表明,反应热压技术制备的ＮｉＡｌ（Ｆｅ）基复合材料中原位合成的ＴｉＣ颗粒细小,分布均匀、弥散,但复合材料不完全致密,孔隙的存在损害了其拉伸性能。二次加工工艺可提高ＮｉＡｌ（Ｆｅ）基原位复合材料的致密性和组织均匀性,从而显著改善其力学性能。