飞翼无人机保形进气道耦合进口格栅气动与隐身综合特性

基于飞翼无人机(UAV)保形进气道和工程应用实例,进行了不同格栅间距的格栅设计。结合多层快速多极子方法(MLFMM)和混合网格计算方法,开展了保形进口格栅气动和隐身综合特性研究。结果表明:①随着格栅尺寸（间距)减小,格栅隐身效果逐渐增强;频率为1GHz下,格栅间距为波长的1/3时,格栅电磁屏蔽效率约为48.93%,而当格栅间距达到波长的1/6时,接近于完全屏蔽;②保形进口格栅对无人机翼面上流动干扰较小而对进气道内流特性影响明显;③随着格栅尺寸减小,全机升阻特性逐渐略微下降,进气道出口截面总压恢复逐渐降低而畸变指数逐渐增大。      

基于模型补偿的风力机变桨距线性自抗扰控制器设计

设计了一种变桨距线性自抗扰控制器,估计和补偿了系统未建模部分和外界干扰,实现额定风速以上时系统输出功率稳定于额定值;并采用模型补偿方法对自抗扰控制器进行优化,减少了参数整定的数目,提高了系统控制精度。对额定功率为300 kW的风电机组分别在阶跃风、阵风以及湍流风作用下进行系统仿真。结果表明,该方法可以快速调节风速变化引起的输出波动,使得系统输出稳定且超调量小,具有很好的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

模拟载人探月中航天员空间辐射风险评估

空间辐射是长期载人航天飞行任务中影响航天员健康的重要风险因素。为了探求载人探月过程中对空间辐射的合理防护方式,文章借助空间辐射场模型对"嫦娥三号"飞行任务在不同质量厚度材料屏蔽下的舱内空间辐射环境进行了仿真计算,并确定了航天员各器官接受的空间辐射剂量、剂量当量以及有效剂量等辐射防护量以进行辐射风险评估。结果表明,随着屏蔽厚度的增加,航天员的各组织或器官的吸收剂量和剂量当量以及有效剂量均明显降低;采用质量屏蔽的方法对低于100 Me V的质子具有很好的防护效果,但对高能质子或重离子的防护效果不明显。计算和分析显示,载人探月过程中,只要采取适当的防护措施,航天员的空间辐射风险是可控的。     

Probing the origin of the iron Kα line around stellar and supermassive black holes using X-ray polarimetry

Asymmetric, broad iron lines are a common feature in the X-ray spectra of both X-ray binaries (XRBs) and type-1 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). It was suggested that the distortion of the Fe Kα emission results from Doppler and relativistic effects affecting the radiative transfer close to the strong gravitational well of the central compact object: a stellar mass black hole (BH) or neutron star (NS) in the case of XRBs, or a super massive black hole (SMBH) in the case of AGN. However, alternative approaches based on reprocessing and transmission of radiation through surrounding media also attempt to explain the line broadening. So far, spectroscopic and timing analyzes have not yet convinced the whole community to discriminate between the two scenarios. Here we study to which extent X-ray polarimetric measurements of black hole X-ray binaries (BHXRBs) and type-1 AGN could help to identify the possible origin of the line distortion. To do so, we report on recent simulations obtained for the two BH flavors and show that the proposed scenarios are found to behave differently in polarization degree and polarization angle. A relativistic origin for the distortion is found to be more probable in the context of BHXRBs, supporting the idea that the same mechanism should lead the way also for AGN. We show that the discriminating polarization signal could have been detectable by several X-ray polarimetry missions proposed in the past.     

气动负载模拟器的多余力矩分析

为了分析气动负载模拟器中多余力的形成及影响因素,介绍了气动负载模拟器的工作原理、结构框图及实验平台,推导了气动负载模拟器的数学模型,并通过实验和仿真对比模型进行了验证。采用线性化方法定性分析了影响气动负载模拟器多余力的3个因素——被动压差、惯性力矩以及摩擦力矩。采用非线性仿真定量分析了该3个因素分别对气动负载模拟器的多余力矩的影响。得出了在气动伺服加载系统中,摩擦力矩是引起系统多余力矩的重要因素。     

飞轮扰振特性及振动控制方法

航天器高精度稳定平台要求飞轮在工作转速范围内的干扰力尽可能低,因此需要对飞轮本身固有的扰振力进行有效抑制,一般对机械飞轮采用被动振动隔离方法,而对磁悬浮飞轮采用主动振动控制方法.分别介绍机械飞轮和磁悬浮飞轮的微振动特性,分析其扰振产生的原因,阐述振动隔离以及振动控制原理,并通过测试系统对现阶段振动抑制效果进行了说明.     

磁悬浮飞轮微振动特性及其主动振动控制方法研究

为了进一步减小磁悬浮飞轮的振动力和力矩,建立并分析了一种特殊结构的磁悬浮飞轮的微振动模型,并利用微振动测量平台、数据采集分析硬件和软件,通过试验测量了磁悬浮飞轮6个自由度的振动力和力矩.分析其时域特性和频域特性,其振动特性图(瀑布图)显示了径向两个平动方向X和Y的振动力主要是同频分量、倍频分量以及模态量,其中同频分量较为明显.利用开闭环自适应陷波,分别对X、Y两个方向的振动力进行主动振动控制,取得了较好的控制效果,使得两个方向的振动力的同频量显著下降.     

Thick galactic cosmic radiation shielding using atmospheric data

NASA is concerned with protecting astronauts from the effects of galactic cosmic radiation and has expended substantial effort in the development of computer models to predict the shielding obtained from various materials. However, these models were only developed for shields up to about 120 g/cm² in mass thickness and have predicted that shields of this mass thickness are insufficient to provide adequate protection for extended deep space flights. Consequently, effort is underway to extend the range of these models to thicker shields and experimental data is required to help confirm the resulting code. In this paper empirically obtained effective dose measurements from aircraft flights in the atmosphere are used to obtain the radiation shielding function of the Earth's atmosphere, a very thick, i.e. high mass, shield. Obtaining this result required solving an inverse problem and the method for solving it is presented. The results are shown to be in agreement with current code in the ranges where they overlap. These results are then checked and used to predict the radiation dosage under thick shields such as planetary regolith and the atmosphere of Venus.     

高温磁悬浮轴承用位移传感器的研究

针对差动变压器式位移传感器的性能及其在高温磁悬浮轴承中的应用,对环境温度升高影响差动变压器式位移传感器（DTDS）性能的机理和特征以及所采用的温度补偿技术进行了研究。采用比值方式的处理电路以及加入补偿电阻的方法改善了温度升高所带来位移传感器灵敏度升高、温度漂移和时间漂移的问题。对不同温度下的差动变压器式位移传感器进行标定得到了位移传感器的动静态性能,并将其应用到单自由度高温磁悬浮轴承（HTAMB）试验台上进行静态和模拟动态悬浮。研究结果表明,环境温度为550 ℃,被测物体移动范围在-0.35~+0.35 mm时,位移传感器的灵敏度在19.62 mV/μm,线性度为±0.74%,迟滞性为±0.40%,重复性为±0.97%,传感器截止频率在800 Hz左右;在单自由度高温磁悬浮轴承试验台上使用所研制的高温位移传感器,能实现被悬浮物体的稳定悬浮。     

激光有源干扰的防御措施

激光有源干扰是目前光电干扰领域发展的热点,如何对其实现成功防御是一个重要课题。主要讨论了激光有源干扰的各种防御措施,重点是激光测距机和半主动激光制导武器的抗干扰措施、激光防护器材的防护原理以及新体制导弹的强激光防护技术。