模拟载人探月中航天员空间辐射风险评估

空间辐射是长期载人航天飞行任务中影响航天员健康的重要风险因素。为了探求载人探月过程中对空间辐射的合理防护方式,文章借助空间辐射场模型对"嫦娥三号"飞行任务在不同质量厚度材料屏蔽下的舱内空间辐射环境进行了仿真计算,并确定了航天员各器官接受的空间辐射剂量、剂量当量以及有效剂量等辐射防护量以进行辐射风险评估。结果表明,随着屏蔽厚度的增加,航天员的各组织或器官的吸收剂量和剂量当量以及有效剂量均明显降低;采用质量屏蔽的方法对低于100 Me V的质子具有很好的防护效果,但对高能质子或重离子的防护效果不明显。计算和分析显示,载人探月过程中,只要采取适当的防护措施,航天员的空间辐射风险是可控的。

Space radiation risk assessment for astronauts in simulated manned lunar exploration

Space radiation is one of the most important risk factors for the health of astronauts in the long-term manned spaceflight. In order to develop reasonable space radiation protections in the manned lunar explorations, the space radiation field models are used to simulate and calculate the physical characterizations of the space radiation in the spacecraft cabin with different thicknesses of the shielding materials during the Chang''e-3 mission to the Moon, and the radiation doses, the dose equivalents and the effective doses of each organ of the astronauts are determined to evaluate the space radiation risk. The results show that the adsorbed doses, the dose equivalents and the effective doses decreases significantly with the increase of shielding thicknesses, and the mass shielding method has a very good protective effect for protons with energy below 100 MeV, while the effect is not significant for high energy protons or heavy ions. The calculation and analysis show that the space radiation risk of astronauts can be controlled in the manned lunar exploration mission as long as the appropriate shielding is adopted in the spacecraft or spacesuit.