基于扩张状态观测器的动态逆过失速机动飞行控制

针对飞机过失速机动飞行控制问题,提出了一种将动态逆与扩张状态观测器相结合进行扰动估计补偿的新思路。根据时标分离原则将飞机状态分为快变量和慢变量,并分别设计了两个回路的动态逆控制器。在快慢回路分别引入扩张状态观测器对系统的不确定部分进行估计补偿,抵消不确定部分对系统动态特性的影响。最后对控制律进行了过失速机动仿真。结果表明,在存在较大参数摄动情况下,设计的控制律能控制飞机跟踪控制指令,表现出良好的稳定性和鲁棒性。     

Hypervelocity impact induced shock acoustic emission waves for quantitative damage evaluation using in situ miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network

Manmade debris and natural meteoroids, travelling in the Low Earth Orbit at a speed of several kilometers per second, pose a severe safety concern to the spacecraft in service through the HyperVelocity Impact(HVI). To address this issue, an investigation of shock Acoustic Emission(AE) waves induced by HVI to a downscaled two-layer Whipple shielding structure is performed,to realize a quantitative damage evaluation. Firstly a hybrid numerical model integrating smoothparticle hydrodynamics and finite element is built to obtain the wave response. The projectiles, with various impact velocities and directions, are modelled to impact the shielding structure with different thicknesses. Then experimental validation is carried out with built-in miniaturized piezoelectric sensors to in situ sense the HVI-induced AE waves. A quantitative agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results, demonstrating the correctness of the hybrid model and facilitating the explanation of obtained AE signals in experiment. Based on the understanding of HVI-induced wave components, assessment of the damage severity, i.e., whether the outer shielding layer is perforated or not, is performed using the energy ratio between the regions of ‘‘high frequency" and ‘‘low frequency" in the acquired AE signals. Lastly, the direct-arrival fundamentalsymmetric wave mode is isolated from each sensing signal to be input into an enhanced delay-andsum algorithm, which visualizes HVI spots accurately and instantaneously with different sensor network configuration. All these works demonstrate the potential of quantitative, in situ, and real time HVI monitoring using miniaturized piezoelectric sensor network.     

The beaming of external Compton emission

We consider a relativistically moving blob consisting of an isotropic electron distribution that Compton-scatters photons from an external isotropic radiation field. We compute the resulting beaming pattern, i.e. the distribution of the scattered photons, in the blob frame as well as in the observer’s frame by using the full Klein–Nishina cross section and the exact incident photon distribution. In the Thomson regime the comparison of our approach with Dermer (1995) results in concurrent characteristics but different absolute number of the scattered photons by a factor of f_corr = 3.09. Additionally, our calculation yields a slightly lower boost factor which varies the more from the corresponding value in Dermer (1995) the higher the spectral index p of the electron distribution gets.     

基于Visual Basic的互感器负荷箱测量仪校准系统的实现

为解决互感器负荷箱测量仪同相分量和正交分量的校准问题,在分析互感器负荷箱测量仪工作原理的基础上,设计了基于电子/电工组合式的互感器负荷箱测量仪校准装置,并简要说明装置电工部分、电子部分以及上位机软件的实现。经省级计量研究院验证结果表明,该装置校准结果符合0.2级要求,可作为标准装置解决1级互感器负荷箱测量仪量值溯源问题。     

阵风载荷减缓系统故障分析

阵风引起的额外载荷会引起飞机结构疲劳,降低结构使用寿命。采用非定常气动力有理函数拟合方法建立时域状态空间下的动力学系统,设计了阵风载荷减缓系统。研究了阵风载荷减缓系统3种典型故障模式(副翼偏转饱和、舵机卡死、副翼偏转延时)的力学建模方法,并对机翼在阵风减缓系统故障模式下的阵风响应进行分析。仿真结果表明,3种故障模式均不利于阵风载荷减缓系统对阵风载荷的减缓,对于一些特定情况,故障模式下的阵风载荷减缓系统不仅不能减缓阵风载荷,还会带来由副翼偏转不当引起的额外负载。     

基于改进Canny的激光主动成像图像边缘检测算法研究

针对传统Canny边缘检测算法存在的不足,结合激光主动成像末制导的实际特点,提出了一种改进的Canny边缘检测算法.该算法在Canny边缘检测算法的基础上,采用同态滤波和提升小波变换级联的方法代替传统的高斯滤波器;采用3×3邻域的权值梯度计算方法代替原有的2×2邻域差分运算;采用Otsu自适应阈值计算方法,使算法可根据图像自身特点选择最合适的阈值.实验证明:该算法提升了传统Canny算子的抗干扰能力和鲁棒性,能够较好地保存边缘信息,准确检测出激光主动成像图像的边缘,具有较强的自适应性.     

武器舱气动噪声主动流动控制技术风洞试验研究

针对飞机弹舱高强度气动噪声、内埋武器分离安全性等问题,以高速风洞动静态压力测量技术为研究手段,开展了基于脉冲射流激励器（Powered Resonance Tubes,PRTB）的武器舱气动噪声抑制技术试验研究。试验结果表明,试验模型具有典型的开式空腔流动特点,武器舱内部非定常流动引起的声载荷可达到150dB。PIV 试验结果研究表明空腔前缘布置主动脉冲射流激励器对剪切层施加激励,会改变武器舱上部剪切层的流动特性,对这种高强度的声载荷起到一定的抑制作用。     

Effects of synthetic jet frequency on the separated flow in a diffusing S-duct

Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effects of synthetic jet actuation frequency on the separated flow in a diffusing S-duct. The Reynolds number based on the entrance height was 9.78×105. At first, the numerical model was validated with experimental data, and then, the interaction between the separated flow and the synthetic jets at different frequencies was discussed. The results demonstrate that the control effect is significantly dependent on the momentum mixing enhancement between inside of the separated boundary layer and the outer flow. There exists a narrow range of actuation frequency, in which effective separation control can be achieved using synthetic jets. A dimensionless frequency F+=1.0 is identified as the optimal frequency, with a momentum coefficient of 1.62×10-3, the separation area is reduced about 46%, and the aerodynamic performance of the S-duct is also greatly improved compared to uncontrolled case. Further analysis reveals that the choice of actuation frequency is mainly determined by the momentum flux produced by a single ejection and the spacing between adjacent ejections, the optimal frequency case can be understood as a balance between the two factors. In addition, it is found that the synthetic jets can also suppress the secondary flows while decreasing the separation.      

基于Fibonacci搜索方法的航空发动机性能寻优

介绍了Fibonacci搜索方法应用于发动机性能优化中的原理,建立带两个出口面积、气流马赫数可变的引射器的涡喷发动机的总体性能计算模型,应用Fibonacci搜索方法在优化参数区间内对该发动机进行了最大推力、最低油耗、最低涡轮前温度模式的寻优.举例说明了Fibonacci搜索方法应用的具体过程.给出了不同高度、马赫数下的寻优结果.结果表明:最优目标性能满足的约束边界与飞行高度、马赫数密切相关.不同的飞行高度、马赫数对应了不同的最优控制策略.但不论飞行任务如何,根据该方法进行的优化控制所获得的目标性能是最佳的.该优化方法不仅适用于该类涡喷发动机,也为其他类型航空发动机的优化控制打下一定的基础.      

高压涡轮主动间隙控制系统机匣模型试验

设计和搭建了叶尖主动间隙控制系统的核心——可控热变形机匣模型试验验证台,利用机匣温度和变形量等参数的测量,验证了某主动间隙控制设计方案的基本工作特性.试验中通过改变集气腔进气流量,研究了不同试验工况下机匣温度分布规律,获得了机匣径向变形量及其在周向和轴向的分布规律.研究中发现冷却空气管的多孔冲击射流可以有效改变机匣温度,并达到调节机匣变形的最终目的.随着供气雷诺数增加,机匣的热响应时间减小,机匣的收缩速率明显增加,但该增加幅度随着雷诺数的增加而逐步减弱.试验结果表明:机匣径向冷却收缩量基本均匀.由于冷却空气管周向流量分配不均匀,使其周向上最大相对偏差为8.75%.同时冷却空气管结构和供气量差异会导致机匣轴向温度分布不均匀,在该验工况中,机匣径向冷却收缩量在轴向上最大的相对偏差为6.99%.