遗传算法在星座多星接近轨道优化中的应用

以三颗非共轨的Walker星座卫星为研究对象, 对航天器无需变轨与其接近的可能性进行研究. 将Lambert方法得到的航天器轨道作为初始轨道, 利用遗传算法对初始轨道进行优化. 对初始轨道在参考时刻位置和速度的改变量进行编码,形成对应的种群. 以航天器与星座卫星之间的最近距离为适应度函数, 通过种群的繁殖得到优化结果. 结合仿真算例, 分析了最小二乘算法和遗传算法在轨道优化中的优劣以及接近过程中轨道摄动的影响. 结果表明, 遗传算法适用于所提出的轨道改进问题. 研究结果可为单航天器无需变轨对星座多星接近问题提供理论依据.      

Removing orbital debris with lasers

Orbital debris in low Earth orbit (LEO) are now sufficiently dense that the use of LEO space is threatened by runaway collision cascading. A problem predicted more than thirty years ago, the threat from debris larger than about 1 cm demands serious attention. A promising proposed solution uses a high power pulsed laser system on the Earth to make plasma jets on the objects, slowing them slightly, and causing them to re-enter and burn up in the atmosphere. In this paper, we reassess this approach in light of recent advances in low-cost, light-weight modular design for large mirrors, calculations of laser-induced orbit changes and in design of repetitive, multi-kilojoules lasers, that build on inertial fusion research. These advances now suggest that laser orbital debris removal (LODR) is the most cost-effective way to mitigate the debris problem. No other solutions have been proposed that address the whole problem of large and small debris. A LODR system will have multiple uses beyond debris removal. International cooperation will be essential for building and operating such a system.     

F-35战斗机气动及隐身特性分析

以F-35战斗机为研究目标,对目标体进行三维外形重建,并对重建后的模型进行气动及隐身特性的计算和分析,首先采用了基于飞机三视图进行轮廓线提取来重建F-35全机理论外形的方法,引入了基于草图跟踪的CATIA三视图的标定,大大地提高了模型重建的精度。其次采用非结构网格对F-35的计算区域进行网格划分,采用EULER方程完成了F-35在亚声速、跨声速及超声速等飞行条件下的流场计算,分析了不同状态下的升力、阻力和大迎角气动特性。最后利用曲面像素法对F-35全机高频雷达目标特性进行了计算,提出了一种基于IGS数据转换格式的隐身计算网格生成方法,比较了不同俯仰角及方位角下的RCS特性曲线,分析了对RCS影响比较大的部件。     

Progress of microgravity material research during the period of 2007—2009

Orbital experimental researches on crystal growth of Mn-doped GaSb and Bi2Se0.21Te2.79 are briefly summarized. The space experiments were completed in September of 2007 on broad the Foton-M3 satellite of Russia. Ground-based researches on the solidification behaviors of Al-Al3Ni, Al-Al2Cu, Ag-Cu eutectic, Al-Pb monotectic and Cu-Co peritectic alloys in a 50-meter-high drop tube were investigated. New experimental results on the ultrasonic field and the temperature recycling induced to chiral symmetry breaking of NaClO3 crystal also were reported in the present paper.      

稳态温度场作用下涡轮叶片振动特性的研究

根据一维线性分段插值方法对一维温度场进行分段插值拟合,为有限元方法分析温度场作用下叶片振动问题中温度载荷的施加提供了简化可行的方案,利用有限元方法验证该线性拟合方案的可行性,并采用多种方法对计算结果进行验证分析,对一维稳态温度场的分段插值进行了误差分析,得到稳态温度场作用下叶片振动问题的有限元分析计算方法和温度载荷施加方案。     

On the effect of considering more realistic particle shape and mass parameters in MMOD risk assessments

One of the primary mission risks tracked in the development of all spacecraft is that due to micro-meteoroids and orbital debris (MMOD). Both types of particles, especially those larger than 0.1 mm in diameter, contain sufficient kinetic energy due to their combined mass and velocities to cause serious damage to crew members and spacecraft. The process used to assess MMOD risk consists of three elements: environment, damage prediction, and damage tolerance. Orbital debris risk assessments for the Orion vehicle, as well as the Shuttle, Space Station and other satellites use ballistic limit equations (BLEs) that have been developed using high speed impact test data and results from numerical simulations that have used spherical projectiles. However, spheres are not expected to be a common shape for orbital debris; rather, orbital debris fragments might be better represented by other regular or irregular solids. In this paper we examine the general construction of NASA’s current orbital debris (OD) model, explore the potential variations in orbital debris mass and shape that are possible when using particle characteristic length to define particle size (instead of assuming spherical particles), and, considering specifically the Orion vehicle, perform an orbital debris risk sensitivity study taking into account variations in particle mass and shape as noted above. While the results of the work performed for this study are preliminary, they do show that continuing to use aluminum spheres in spacecraft risk assessments could result in an over-design of its MMOD protection systems. In such a case, the spacecraft could be heavier than needed, could cost more than needed, and could cost more to put into orbit than needed. The results obtained in this study also show the need to incorporate effects of mass and shape in mission risk assessment prior to first flight of any spacecraft as well as the need to continue to develop/refine BLEs so that they more accurately reflect the shape and material density variations inherent to the actual debris environment.     

机动卫星星座对多区域目标成像任务规划

针对太阳同步圆轨道卫星星座对地观测任务,研究了在卫星机动情况下对多区域目标的成像任务规划算法。首先提出了单颗卫星对单个点目标的观测方法,解析分析了点目标可见性,并给出了卫星变轨策略;进而通过把区域目标划分为多个条带,将问题转化为卫星对点目标观测问题,结合单星单目标观测方法分析区域目标各条带的可见性;最后建立优化问题模型,给出条带观测策略,并利用遗传算法优化星座对多区域目标的观测总面积。仿真结果表明该算法准确性高,能够有效提高星座的观测能力和观测总面积。     

航天器热平衡试验中的热流测量技术

文章介绍了在航天器热平衡试验中到达航天器表面或被其吸收的红外辐射热流密度的测量技术。     

冲偏出跑道事件风险影响指标分析

目前对冲偏出跑道风险的研究多基于事故统计数据,较少从飞行数据及飞行操作特征的角度进行分析。基于飞行数据,对冲偏出跑道事件开展风险分析。将飞行数据分为飞行状态、操作指令、信息3 类,以此研究飞机在起飞滑跑、着陆、着陆滑跑3 个阶段的状况及风险影响指标;通过数据所反映的操作特征,结合标准操作程序,推导出飞机偏离正常数据、与标准操作不相符的操作,得到影响正常飞行的风险因素;基于行为安全2-4 模型,建立冲偏出跑道风险评价指标体系,对实际案例的事故致因机理进行研究,着重分析操作特征及人为因素,并提出冲偏出跑道风险防控措施。结果表明：通过对飞行操作特征及飞行参数的分析,从操作类、数据类以及环境类3 个维度建立风险影响指标体系,可以降低指标因素对冲偏出跑道事件的影响;从人、机、环、管方面提出改进措施,可有效降低冲偏出跑道事件发生的概率。     

小卫星临近作业轨道和姿态联合控制

建立了小卫星相对轨道和姿态的误差动力学模型,根据作业任务和姿态指向要求确定了小卫星相对轨道和姿态的期望运动;采用相对轨道和姿态联合控制策略,并考虑小卫星作业过程中质量和转动惯量的不确定性,设计了自适应全状态反馈控制律;数值仿真结果表明该控制律具有较强的自适应性。