Risk-taking during wayfinding is modulated by external stressors and personality traits

ABSTRACT

Two experiments examined cue reliance and risk-taking during desktop virtual wayfinding, and how they might be modulated by personality traits and external stressors. Participants navigated a series of virtual buildings and we manipulated the strength of probabilistic cues available to guide turn decisions. Navigators frequently discounted probabilistic cues and instead took risks, particularly when costs were low and potential benefits were high. Risk-taking was predicted by higher sense of direction and lower need for structure. Introducing a time stressor lowered risk-taking, with a higher relative reliance on probability-based information. This was most pronounced in females and those with a high need for structure. Results provide novel evidence that spatial cue reliance is modulated by individual differences and contextual constraints.     

基于极大似然估计器的GNSS矢量跟踪算法

矢量跟踪是一种将全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)接收机的信号跟踪与导航解算融为一体的跟踪算法。传统的基于矢量延迟/频率锁定环(VDFLL)的跟踪算法普遍采用延迟锁定环(DLL)和锁频环(FLL)鉴别器计算伪距和伪距率偏差观测量,由于锁频环鉴别器存在近似误差和一步延迟效应,在高动态环境下容易造成环路失锁。从直接估计卫星信号特征参数的角度出发,基于中频信号模型构建码相位和载波多普勒的极大似然代价函数,采用非迭代估计算法得到各通道码相位和多普勒频移的估计偏差,转换为卡尔曼滤波器的观测矢量,提出一种基于极大似然估计器(MLE)的矢量跟踪算法。理论分析和仿真结果表明:新算法结合了极大似然估计和矢量跟踪的优点,克服了FLL的延迟效应,与基于VDFLL的矢量环路相比,高动态环境下的跟踪稳定性更好,可以对被遮挡的卫星保持持续的跟踪。     

GEnx和Trent1000发动机流路与承力机匣对比分析

为了更好地了解大涵道比发动机的双转子布局和三转子布局的设计特点,选取了波音787客机的两款备选发动机GEnx和Trent1000作为对象开展对比分析.通过对两款发动机的内涵流路、承力机匣和转子支承3方面的设计特点对比分析,发现通过引入中压转子使得三转子布局的中压和高压转子的叶片机都获得了更有利的转速与结构尺寸;三转子布局在承力机匣和中、低压涡轮轴等结构比双转子发动机的设计更复杂;两种布局都无法解决风扇和低压涡轮最佳工作转速的矛盾.     

数字域谱估计的GNSS系统信号带宽测试方法

针对传统的单载波扫频法不适于GNSS（全球导航卫星系统）信号生成通道的带宽测量的问题,提出了采用数字信号处理的信号带宽方法.对实际导航信号进行高速采样,在数字域对采样的导航信号和本地数字生成的理想导航信号进行频谱估计和计算,从而得到GNSS信号带宽.分别使用周期图法和Welch法谱估计,对提出的测试方法进行仿真.仿真结果表明,采用Welch法进行理想信号和实际信号谱估计,对谱估计后的结果进行计算,可以完成GNSS信号带宽精密测量,在Welch法估计参数设置合理的情况下,GNSS信号带宽估计的准确度可以达到99.9％以上.     

雷达灵敏度测量中的视频信号积累方法

首先分析了视频信号积累在雷达中的作用和工作原理,然后详细阐述了数字化实现信号积累的方法,最后介绍了信号积累在雷达接收机灵敏度测量中的应用,较好的解决了接收机灵敏度测量中的不稳定问题.     

Optimal network topology of relative navigation and communication for navigation sharing in fractionated spacecraft cluster

Navigation sharing as a key technology provides orbit and attitude information broadcasting for the whole fractionated spacecraft cluster (FSC). The navigation sharing concept has already been proposed for some years. However, the problem of achieving the optimal navigation sharing by designing the proper network topology is still unsolved, especially in the case that some members of the cluster have absolute navigation devices, some just have relative navigation devices and some only have communication devices. In this paper, a comprehensive model of describing the navigation sharing problem in FSC is proposed. The model of network topology constructing by relative navigation links and communication links is established. By using the graph theory and genetic algorithm as the tool, the conditions for navigation sharing in FSC with different sharing degrees are obtained. Finally, some examples are presented to test the methods, and it has been found that, the absolute positions and attitudes of all the members can still be determined even some members in FSC have no absolute navigation devices.     

直扩测控系统抗多址能力分析与验证

为了防止多址干扰造成接收机出现误捕和假锁,改善直接序列扩频测控系统抗多址干扰性能,在Gold码特性和扩频接收机性能分析的基础上,结合最大似然原理,对采用扩频体制测控系统的抗干扰能力进行了分析。为契合工程应用,采用仿真遍历结合理论分析的方式,对Gold码的互相关抑制能力理论值进行了工程修正。在分析捕获阶段的抗干扰捕获门限后,还分析了载噪比估计结果在正常锁定和假锁两种状态下的差异,给出了接收机对假锁状态的判决方法和门限。根据分析和仿真的结果,给出了系统设计约束条件和优化的接收机设计流程,作为测控系统和接收机设计的参考。     

外差式侦察接收机对频率捷变信号进行侦察的可行性

根据频率捷变信号的特点,分析了几种侦察体制下接收频率捷变信号需要的中频带宽、扫描步进频宽和截获时间,给出了对频率捷变信号侦察的可行性方案。     

导航星座的自主导航技术--卫星自主时间同步

基于星载原子时钟频率稳定性的Allan方差表达,建立系统状态方程,并以星间双向测量伪距差作为基本观测量,组成系统测量方程,从而可以设计适用于导航星座卫星时间同步的Kalman滤波算法。系统仿真结果表明：通过对星间双向测量数据的滤波处理,能够实现星座卫星时间精密同步。     

路网匹配定位方法研究

针对车载惯性导航设备由于其惯性器件随时间漂移产生误差导致系统定位精度逐渐变差的问题,提出了一种路网匹配定位方法以提高车载导航系统的综合定位精度,该方法基于视觉测量原理通过双目摄像装置采集道路周边环境特征进行匹配定位,介绍了匹配定位的基本原理和系统实现所需的关键技术,通过实际跑车测试,验证了该方法的合理性和可行性。