中心分级燃烧室预燃级燃烧性能实验

研究了一种中心分级燃烧室.在某大推力航空发动机慢车工况下,采用单头部矩形燃烧室,进行了燃烧性能实验,考察了预燃级旋流杯套筒扩张角、台阶高度、预燃级气量分配对污染排放、燃烧效率和贫油熄火油气比的影响作用.实验结果表明:慢车工况下,预燃级旋流杯套筒扩张角从60°增大到100°后,NOx排放降低42%,CO和未燃碳氢燃料(UHC)排放均增加2.5倍左右,燃烧效率降低1.75%,贫油熄火油气比从0.0038增大到0.0067;台阶高度减小24%后,NOx排放降低37%,CO和UHC排放分别增加1.5倍和1.2倍,燃烧效率降低1.32%,贫油熄火油气比从0.0042增大到0.0061;预燃级气量分配减小20%后,NOx排放增加13.5%,CO和UHC排放分别降低55.6%和38.9%,燃烧效率增大1.46%,贫油熄火油气比从0.0061减小到0.0051.      

基于激光测距的飞艇净重在线计算方法研究

通过对三维建模软件CATIA中的飞艇副气囊模型进行切片分割,获得了不同副气囊高度下的对应体积值,使用最小二乘法建立了副气囊中心点高度与副气囊体积的三次曲线拟合公式,采用相位式激光测距仪对副气囊中心高度测量,使用该公式可以估算出副气囊的实时体积大小,从而推算飞艇净重大小,掌握飞艇的压力高度和起降能力。使用某次飞行试验对副气囊高度测量的数据计算出的飞艇净重值,与多次地面称重数据一致性较好,验证了使用激光测距仪对大型飞艇净重进行在线评估的可行性,并使用该方法对某飞艇某次飞行试验过程中的净重进行了分析,对飞艇的压力高度进行了核算。     

力约束管材自由胀形试验研究与材料性能测试

相较于单向拉伸试验,通过管材胀形试验(TBT,Tube Bulging Test)获得的材料性能参数能够更准确地反映材料在高压流体作用下的塑性成形性能,不同的管端边界将会严重影响管材胀形试验的测试结果.针对国际上现有试验方法和设备存在的不足,研制出了一套约束边界清晰、加载精确的管材自由胀形试验系统.在管材测试过程中,基于位移随动力主动加载的控制策略和比例伺服油缸,实现实时的轴向力、轴向位移和内压力的精确加载.端部约束的测试管材通过特殊设计的工装保证了其轴向自由滑动.实时内压力和胀形管材顶点处材料的壁厚和胀形高度信息通过超高压压力传感器、超声测厚仪和磁致伸缩位移传感器采集,进而基于Swift材料本构模型和采集到的数据拟合出材料应力应变曲线和材料性能参数.试验结果表明,管材两端侧推力与内压力对管材内腔端面的作用力和管材轴向自由对称收缩的平衡条件始终处于动态稳定中,试验设备能够准确获得实时胀形高度、顶点厚度、轴向收缩长度和内压力的信息,能够为材料性能测试和工艺设计提供可信的材料参数.      

初始轨道高度对气动力辅助异面变轨的影响

气动力辅助变轨技术可以有效利用大气资源,借助气动力作用减少推进剂消耗,有可能成为未来有大气行星进入/再入飞行的重要手段之一。文章针对改变轨道平面的变轨过程,进行气动力辅助异面变轨分析,探讨了初始轨道高度对气动力辅助异面变轨性能的影响。计算气动力辅助变轨特征速度,并与冲量变轨所需消耗能量进行比较。研究结果表明:气动力辅助异面变轨推进剂消耗量与升阻比呈非线性变化,当升阻比大于某一数值时,气动力辅助异面变轨在一定初始轨道高度区间内能够节省推进剂。文章的研究成果可为有翼再入航天器的研制提供依据,为气动力辅助变轨的工程应用提供技术参考。     

探头式结冰探测器安装位置分析

通过求解雷诺时均Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程获得空气流场,采用欧拉法求解水滴运动场获得水滴运动轨迹.通过计算来流液态水含量等值线距离部件表面的垂直距离,获得部件不同位置上的广义水滴遮蔽高度.研究了不同飞行条件和气象条件下的广义水滴遮蔽高度大小.根据探头式结冰探测器安装位置要求确定探头式结冰探测器的合理安装区域.通过分析不同的状态参数对广义水滴遮蔽高度的影响,为结冰探测器安装位置计算状态参数的选取提供了数据支持.      

涡轮叶尖镶嵌肋条对泄漏流场的影响

结合基于压力修正的采用雷诺应力湍流模型加壁面函数的三维计算流体力学程序,通过沿着叶尖表面加肋条以期减小叶尖间隙泄漏损失,对某一轴流涡轮转子叶尖表面镶嵌肋条对泄漏流场细节的影响进行了数值研究,并详细分析了不同肋条高度和肋条宽度对泄漏流场的影响.结果表明:肋条使得气流通过压力面肋条时出现分离形成回流区,阻碍泄漏流动,减小泄漏损失;肋条高度h对涡轮效率有较大影响,且有个最佳肋条高度值,在最佳肋条高度下涡轮效率提高0.13%;肋条宽度w对流场影响不大,但小肋条宽度形成较大的空腔,可以稍提高涡轮效率.      

涡轮叶栅叶尖间隙流实验研究(英文)

This article describes the effects of some factors on the tip clearance flow in axial linear turbine cascades. The measurements of the total pressure loss coefficient are made at the cascade outlets by using a five-hole probe at exit Mach numbers of 0.10, 0.14 and 0.19. At each exit Mach number, experiments are performed at the tip clearance heights of 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% of the blade height. The effects of the non-uniform tip clearance height of each blade in the pitchwise direction are also studied. The results show that at a given tip clearance height, generally, total pressure loss rises with exit Mach numbers proportionally. At a fixed exit Mach number, the total pressure loss augments nearly proportionally as the tip clearance height increases. The increased tip clearance heights in the tip regions of two adjacent blades are to be blame for the larger clearance loss of the center blade. Compared to the effects of the tip clearance height, the effects of the exit Mach number and the pitchwise variation of the tip clearance height on the cascade total pressure loss are so less significant to be omitted.     

一种指数平方下滑规律

针对现有下滑规律的不足,考虑水平发射和非水平发射两种情况,根据高斯曲线分别设计了一种指数平方下滑规律。仿真结果表明了所设计下滑规律的正确性和有效性。     

An update global model of hmF2 from values estimated from ionosonde and COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3 radio occultation

In this paper, we present our recent work on developing an updated global model of the ionospheric F2 peak height hmF2 parameter by combining data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC/FORMOSAT-3) radio occultation (RO) measurements and from the extended global ionosonde stations. In particular, 10 Chinese ionosonde stations’ data are newly introduced into this study. The modeling technique used is based on a two-layer empirical orthogonal function (EOF) expansion. Global distributions of hmF2 maps calculated using the newly constructed global model and the one provided by the International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI-ITU-R) are compared with the global distributions of hmF2 obtained by the COSMIC RO measurements and quantitative statistical analysis of the differences between the model results and those of the COSMIC RO measurements is made for the low (2008) and high (2012) solar activity years. The obtained average root-mean-square differences (RMSEs) for our model are 27.7 km (11.1%) and 31.0 km (9.8%), respectively for the years 2008 and 2012, whereas those for the IRI-ITU-R model are 39.9 km (16.9%) and 35.0 km (11.6%), respectively. Comparison of the results calculated both by our model and the IRI-ITU-R model with the digisonde observation is also made. The comparisons show that the newly constructed global hmF2 model can reproduce reasonably well the observations and perform better than IRI-ITU-R model.     

Tropopause analysis over the Iranian region using GPS radio occultation data

Near-tropopause phenomena like upper level fronts and cyclones, penetrative cumulus convection and mesoscale mechanisms of exchange make important contributions to the mixing processes in the atmosphere. Spatio-temporal monitoring of the tropopause height, temperature and pressure is an appropriate tool to show the running processes in the atmosphere. In this study, GPS radio occultation data is used to investigate the tropopause height fluctuations and the relation between the stratosphere–troposphere exchange and the aforementioned phenomena over the Iranian region. The paper shows how the position of the sub-tropical jet has changed with time, using GPS radio occultation observations. The tropopause height changes latitudinally, and three different bimodal probability distribution functions are observed. The results also show that the mixing region in the south of Iran is associated with the subtropical jet in winter. However, this region shifts north of Iran due to changes in the position of the subtropical jet during the summer. Consistency of the mixing region from the radio occultation data and the total ozone of TOMS over the Iranian region is also observed.