一种基于斜向观测的镜面法线方向测量方法

针对航天器上平面镜、立方镜等镜面法线方向测量时，准直光路被遮挡的情况，提出了一种斜向观测方法，即通过两台经纬仪在镜面法线两侧对称位置互相观测平行光的方法，获得镜面法线方向。对测量对象进行了说 明，详细描述了镜面法线准直测量原理和斜向观测原理，根据两种测量方法开展了测量比对试验，给出了过程观测 数据和计算结果。通过多次试验数据统计，斜向观测结果与准直测量结果差异在角秒量级，满足航天器测试要求，可以有效解决在航天器上基准镜面准直方向被遮挡时法线方向测量的难题。     

内窥式PIV测量技术研究

内窥技术与粒子图像测速技术(Particle Image Velocimetry,PIV)相结合为航空发动机等受限空间内部流场测量提供了可能,本文针对内窥式PIV测量系统中激光内窥镜和相机内窥镜分别进行了详细介绍与探讨,并在现有的PIV基础上自主搭建了一套内窥式PIV测量系统,在解决系统存在的成像圈小、分辨率低、示踪粒子图像不相关、系统标定等难题后获得了较好的测量结果,在对同一稳态流场开展对比性实验研究后发现与常规PIV测量结果相比最大相对误差为1.6%。表明该测量技术具有较高的测量精度可应用于发动机实际工程研制中。     

光电自准直经纬仪水平角测量误差分析

针对光电自准直经纬仪的水平角测量原理和系统组成特点，全面分析了影响其水平角测量精度的各项误差分量，并对各种误差因素进行了定量计算，对系统误差提出补偿方法。通过分析和补偿，可将光电准直经纬仪水平角测量精度提高到0.5″，满足Ⅰ等电子经纬仪的测量精度指标。     

天然气氧化特性的实验与数值计算

在流动管反应器中对压力为0.1 MPa、温度范围为500~1 850 K、当量比分别为0.5、1.0与3.5的工况条件下天然气（90%甲烷/7%乙烷/3%丙烷，体积分数）的氧化过程进行了实验测试。同时，通过全局敏感性分析方法，构建了天然气的简化反应动力学机理（38组分和149反应），并对天然气的氧化特性进行了数值计算。结果表明：随着当量比增大，燃料发生氧化反应的起始温度与终止温度逐渐升高，CO生成与消耗完全对应的反应温度逐渐升高，NO的生成量逐渐降低。天然气的简化反应机理可以很好地预测天然气氧化过程中主要组分摩尔分数随温度变化的整体趋势；但是在C₃H₈、C₂H₂、NO、NO₂的起始反应温度或摩尔分数峰值的预测上与相应实验值存在差异。     

A learning-based approach for solving shear stress vector distribution from shear-sensitive liquid crystal coating images

A learning-based approach for solving wall shear stresses from Shear-Sensitive Liquid Crystal Coating(SSLCC) color images is presented in this paper. The approach is able to learn and establish the mapping relationship between the SSLCC color-change responses in different observation directions and the shear stress vectors, and then uses the mapping relationship to solve wall shear stress vectors from SSLCC color images. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can solve wall shear s...     

Optimal crater landmark selection based on optical navigation performance factors for planetary landing

Planetary craters are natural navigation landmarks that widely exist and are easily observed. Optical navigation based on crater landmarks has become an important autonomous navigation method for planetary landing. Due to the increase in observed crater landmarks and the limitation of onboard computation, the selection of good crater landmarks has gradually become a research hotspot in the field of landmark-based optical navigation. This paper designs a fast crater landmark selection method, which not only considers the configuration observability of crater subsets but also focuses on the influence on navigation performance arising from the measurement uncertainty and the matching confidence of craters, which is different from other landmark selection methods. The factor of measurement uncertainty, which is anisotropic, correlated and nonidentically distributed, is quantified and integrated into selection based on crater pairing detection and localization error evaluation. In addition, the concept of the crater matching confidence factor is introduced, which reflects the possibility of 2D projection measurements corresponding to 3D positions. Combined with the configuration observability factor, the crater landmark selection indicator is formed. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

IABC: An iteratively automatic machine learning boosted hand-eye calibration method for laser displacement sensor

An on-machine measuring (OMM) system with a laser displacement sensor (LDS) is designed for measuring free-form surfaces of hypersonic aircraft’s radomes. To improve the measurement accuracy of the OMM system, a novel Iteratively Automatic machine learning Boosted hand-eye Calibration (IABC) method is proposed. Both the hand-eye relationship and LDS measurement errors can be calibrated in one calibration process without any hardware changes via IABC. Firstly, a new objective function is derived, containing analytical parameters of the hand-eye relationship and LDS errors. Then, a hybrid calibration model composed of two kernels is proposed to solve the objective function. One kernel is the analytical kernel designed for solving analytical parameters. Another kernel is the automatic machine learning (AutoML) kernel designed to model LDS errors. The two kernels are connected with stepwise iterations to find the best calibration results. Compared with traditional methods, hand-eye experiments show that IABC reduces the calibration RMSE by about 50%. Verification experiments show that IABC reduces the measurement deviations by about 25%-50% and RMSEs within 40%. Even when the training data are obviously less than the test data, IABC performs well. Experiments demonstrate that IABC is more accurate than traditional hand-eye methods.     

无人机协同测控中SC-FDMA技术设计

针对无人机协同任务测控传输的多机接入问题,提出基于分布式任务分配模型的高动态SC-FDMA技术.通过将贪婪原则、信道动态分配机制和多用户接入技术结合,利用集中映射方式设计子信道数目可调的映射规则,配置各无人机节点所占用子载波数目.仿真结果表明,与传统FDMA、CDMA、TDMA、OFDMA等相比,基于SC-FDMA设计...     

Damage sensitivity of a wing-type leading edge structure impacted by a bird

On the windward side of an aircraft, the components with higher probability of impact with birds are the wing-type leading edge structures, such as the wing and tail. A study on the damage sensitivity of a wing-type leading edge structure under bird strikes was presented in this paper. First, a bird strike test was carried out on a wing. The principles of the bird strike test equipment and method were introduced in detail, including the bird strike test system, bird projectile production process and data acquisition system. The dynamic strain measurement results, the high-speed camera videos, and the final deformation and damage morphology observations of the structure were obtained. Based on the coupled Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) - Finite Element Method (FEM), the commercial software PAM-CRASH was used to simulate the process of a bird strike with the wing. The good agreement between the finite element simulation results and the experimental results shows that the calculation method and the numerical model presented in this paper were reasonable. On this basis, wing-type leading edge structures can be designed by adding triangular support. The bird strike resistances of an original structure and improved structure were studied by numerical simulation. The calculated results show that the improved wing-type leading edge structure is less damaged than the original structure under bird strike. The improved leading edge structure satisfied the anti-bird strike airworthiness requirements, as the thickness of the triangular support was 1.2 mm, and the weight of the structure was reduced by 0.87 kg compared with the original structure. This indicated that the bird strike resistance of the improved structure is better than that of the original structure, and the improved design of the wing-type leading edge structure presented in this paper is reasonable.