变频电机动态性能试验的负载系统研究

针对传统变频电机试验系统只能在固定转速下进行负载试验,研究了一种用于变频电机试验的多转矩类型负载系统。变频电机动态性能试验负载系统是根据感应电机的特性,建立数学模型,通过计算,快速调节感应电机的供电电压和频率,从而模拟出多种类型的动态负载。研究了变频电机动态性能试验负载系统的工作原理、模拟方法,并进行仿真分析,表明其可满足不同负载类型下的变频电机动态性能试验要求。     

超宽带Vivaldi天线的设计及分析

针对机载、弹载等平台的空间有限,设计了一种双指数渐变结构的超宽带Vivaldi天线。天线由微带渐变线馈电,通过矩形共面带线阻抗变换器将小型的超宽带巴伦与天线集成,从而获得2~18GHz的带宽。仿真结果表明:在2~18GHz的工作频段内,天线的回波损耗小于-10dB,天线增益最高可达到10.5dB以上,实测结果与仿真结果基本吻合。将所设计的Vivaldi天线放置于一金属腔体内,对金属腔体对天线性能的影响进行了研究与分析。仿真结果表明:将天线单元放置于金属腔体后,辐射方向相对于原来的辐射方向发生了一定程度的偏转,但随着频率增高,偏转角度逐渐减小。     

基于稀疏空间谱估计的星载SAR DBF算法

针对星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统利用俯仰向数字波束形成(DBF)技术接收场景回波时受地形的影响,会出现波束指向偏差的问题,提出了基于稀疏空间谱估计的星载SAR数字波束形成方法。该方法将目标场景高程估计问题转换为波达方向估计问题,考虑到回波信号的稀疏性,进而等效为稀疏空间谱估计问题,然后利用凸优化方法求解得到目标波达方向。最后,仿真实验验证了该方法的有效性,结果表明该方法可以降低传统自适应方法受小样本和低信噪比影响的限制,实现复杂地形下的正确波束指向,保证回波信号的接收增益。     

Performance analysis of variable speed tail rotors with Gurney flaps

Gurney Flaps (GFs) are used for improving the performance of variable speed tail rotors. A validated analytical helicopter model able to predict the main and tail rotor power is utilized. The fixed height GF has substantially small influence on the tail rotor power in hover and low to medium speed forward flight, and can obtain significant power reduction in high speed flight. This ability can be enhanced by decreasing the tail rotor speed. With the deployment of GF, the collective pitch of the tail rotor decreases, and the maximum tail rotor thrust increases. The GF can compensate the reduction of the maximum thrust by the decrease in the tail rotor speed. The GF with a height of 5% of the chord length can almost remedy 50% of the thrust reduction introduced by decreasing 10% of the tail rotor speed. With the increase of GF height, the maximum thrust generated by the tail rotor increases. The GF with larger height can cause the increase in the tail rotor power in hover and low to medium speed flight. The retractable GF can obtain more power savings than the fixed height GF. However, the benefit is substantially small even in high speed flight. Considering the side effects introduced by the active GF, the fixed height GF may be more preferable. The mechanism for the retractable GF to generate more tail rotor thrust is to increase the lift in advancing side due to the higher dynamic pressure.     

压力波对垂直管低温气液掺混冷凝的影响

为了分析高压补燃液氧煤油发动机氧泵间管内气液两相掺混冷凝及其压力波传播过程,建立了可产生压力扰动的垂直管低温气液两相掺混实验系统,以氧气/液氧为实验工质,开展压力波对垂直管内低温气液两相掺混冷凝的影响研究,获得了不同压力波频率和氧气流量工况下的掺混图像,分析结果表明:压力波会使发散流型由微弱振荡冷凝向间歇振荡冷凝转变,使椭圆流型由稳定冷凝向振荡冷凝转变;在0~52 Hz不同频率压力波作用下,发散流型最大轴向冷凝长度与掺混孔径之比在10~30之间,椭圆流型的比值在8~15之间变化;压力波对气相摆动频率起主导性和正相关性的影响。     

基于直升机平台SAR的方位重影抑制方法

直升机合成孔径雷达(SAR)已成为遥感领域的重要探测工具。针对平台微小高频振动导致方位重影,造成图像质量降低的问题,提出了一种振动相位补偿算法。首先利用回波录取的几何构型,推导基于直升机振动平台的SAR回波表达式,并引入雅可比-安格尔恒等式,对回波完成一阶贝塞尔级数展开,获得高频振动误差与方位向重影的关系式。然后,从直升机SAR实测数据入手,对方位相位进行差分、提取和快速傅里叶变换,得到振动频点信息,并对频点信息进行反演,得到高频误差相位。最后,利用高频误差相位对原始回波进行补偿,抑制成对回波模糊现象,从而消除方位重影。基于实测数据的成像处理结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于碱金属辅助电离的等离子鞘套模拟方法

为解决再入过程中通信黑障与探测异常问题，对等离子体鞘套地面模拟方法进行了研究。以RAM C-II 飞行试验为依据，计算了等离子体鞘套的参数范围。分析现有模拟设备，概括提出了高焓低速风洞的模拟方案，选取相适应的放电方式，并对流量功率进行了计算。针对高温环境对电磁设备造成损坏以及所需功率难以实现的问题，提出添加碱金属的解决方案，并进行了试验验证。试验结果表明，添加碱金属可以使电子密度提升约一个数量级。对方案效果进行评估，预期功率需求降至兆瓦量级。     

A deformation model of flexible,HAMR objects for accurate propagation under perturbations and the self-shadowing effects

A new type of space debris in near geosynchronous orbit (GEO) was recently discovered and later identified as exhibiting unique characteristics associated with high area-to-mass ratio (HAMR) objects, such as high rotation rates and high reflection properties. Observations have shown that this debris type is very sensitive to environmental disturbances, particularly solar radiation pressure, due to the fact that its motion depends on the actual effective area, orientation of that effective area, reflection properties and the area-to-mass ratio of the object is not stable over time. Previous investigations have modelled this type of debris as rigid bodies (constant area-to-mass ratios) or discrete deformed body; however, these simplifications will lead to inaccurate long term orbital predictions. This paper proposes a simple yet reliable model of a thin, deformable membrane based on multibody dynamics. The membrane is modelled as a series of flat plates, connected through joints, representing the flexibility of the membrane itself. The mass of the membrane, albeit low, is taken into account through lump masses at the joints. The attitude and orbital motion of this flexible membrane model is then propagated near GEO to predict its orbital evolution under the perturbations of solar radiation pressure, Earth’s gravity field (J₂), third body gravitational fields (the Sun and Moon) and self-shadowing. These results are then compared to those obtained for two rigid body models (cannonball and flat rigid plate). In addition, Monte Carlo simulations of the flexible model by varying initial attitude and deformation angle (different shape) are investigated and compared with the two rigid models (cannonball and flat rigid plate) over a period of 100?days. The numerical results demonstrate that cannonball and rigid flat plate are not appropriate to capture the true dynamical evolution of these objects, at the cost of increased computational time.     

泡沫铝隔冲器设计及其对卫星可展开附件收拢状态力学特性的影响

文章针对泡沫铝隔冲器可能降低卫星可展开附件收拢状态的模态频率及放大振动响应等问题,首次提出一种基于表层填充J-133常温胶的开孔泡沫铝块的扁平式隔冲器,以某可展开数传天线为例开展泡沫铝隔冲器设计与分析,并进行了模态试验和振动试验验证。试验结果表明:所设计的泡沫铝隔冲器使可展开附件收拢状态前三阶模态频率降低不到2.5 Hz,而振动响应平均降低约30%。     

高温环境下板壳结构局部屈曲理论研究

传统高温板壳结构的热屈曲分析方法,在解决热-机械载荷耦合作用下复杂板壳结构的屈曲问题时存在较大的局限性,合理的局部热屈曲理论分析方法有助于提高板壳热结构设计水平。因此,根据高温板壳的结构特征和力学特征,在"机械载荷等效成局部边界压应力效应"假设前提下,提出了四种典型的应力等效的局部热屈曲模型,基于初始后屈曲渐近分析理论,建立了一套有效的局部热屈曲理论分析方法。采用上述方法,研究了完善和具有初始缺陷板壳的弹性热后屈曲性态,具体分析了带预载的四边简支模型,带预载的四边固支模型,带预载的三边简支、一边自由模型以及带预载的三边固支、一边自由模型,给出了板壳长度尺寸、厚度等参数对热屈曲载荷的影响规律,并将其推广到高阶热屈曲问题中。分析结果表明:板体现为分叉式屈曲,壳体现为跳跃式屈曲;在长宽比一定的情况下,长度越长,屈曲临界载荷越小,厚度越厚,屈曲临界载荷越高。