Advanced fractal approach for unsupervised classification of SAR images

Unsupervised classification of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is the alternative approach when no or minimum apriori information about the image is available. Therefore, an attempt has been made to develop an unsupervised classification scheme for SAR images based on textural information in present paper. For extraction of textural features two properties are used viz. fractal dimension D and Moran’s I. Using these indices an algorithm is proposed for contextual classification of SAR images. The novelty of the algorithm is that it implements the textural information available in SAR image with the help of two texture measures viz. D and I. For estimation of D, the Two Dimensional Variation Method (2DVM) has been revised and implemented whose performance is compared with another method, i.e., Triangular Prism Surface Area Method (TPSAM). It is also necessary to check the classification accuracy for various window sizes and optimize the window size for best classification. This exercise has been carried out to know the effect of window size on classification accuracy. The algorithm is applied on four SAR images of Hardwar region, India and classification accuracy has been computed. A comparison of the proposed algorithm using both fractal dimension estimation methods with the K-Means algorithm is discussed. The maximum overall classification accuracy with K-Means comes to be 53.26% whereas overall classification accuracy with proposed algorithm is 66.16% for TPSAM and 61.26% for 2DVM.     

Enhancing buckling capacity of a rectangular plate under uniaxial compression by utilizing an auxetic material

Auxetic materials have previously been shown to enhance various performances due to its unusual property of becoming fatter when uniaxially stretched and thinner when uniaxially com-pressed (i.e., the materials exhibit a negative Poisson’s ratio). The current study focuses on assessing the potential of an auxetic material to enhance the buckling capacity of a rectangular plate under uniaxial compression. The in-plane translational restraint along the unloaded edges that was often neglected in open literature is taken into consideration in our buckling model proposed in this study. The closed-form expressions for the critical buckling coefficient of the rectangle are provided and the predicted results agree well with those determined by the finite element method. Further-more, the results indicate that the buckling performance of a rectangular plate under uniaxial com-pression can be significantly improved by replacing the traditional material that has a positive Poisson’s ratio with an auxetic material when there is in-plane translation restraint along the unloaded edges.     

我国东西部私营经济发展的比较研究

东部沿海地区私营经济发展的实践证明，私营经济对拉动经济增长、增加就业等作用显著。通过对比分析东西部私营经济发展的总体规模和对社会的贡献，借鉴东部私营经济发展的成功经验，从思想认识上、制度管理上和环境建设上对中西部地区私营经济提出了扶持、造血和集群化发展的建议。     

用神经网络法编程加工轮毂上特殊曲面的探讨

根据轮毂上曲面的特殊性,提出了采用神经网络方法进行编程,实现数控加工,以取代传统的加工方法的设想。     

我国企业对外直接投资的区位选择

企业的海外目标主要可以分为获取自然资源，开拓新市场，规避贸易壁垒，逃避国际税收和学习先进技术、管理知识五种。不同的海外目标，决定了企业对外直接投资的区位选择应有所差异。我国企业应该突破目前大型企业投资区位过于集中，中小企业投资区位又非常分散的格局，紧扣企业海外目标，合理选择对外直接投资的区位：谨慎甄选，积极开拓自然资源丰富的国家，重点关注亚、非、拉自然资源储备充裕，投资条件成熟的国家；充分发挥比较优势，重点开发发展中国家，对于有传统特色的中国产品，可以加大在发达国家的投资；利用区域经济一体化，突破贸易壁垒，选择欧盟、北美自由贸易区内成本相对较低的国家；利用“避税港”、低税型和有优惠政策的国家和地区的税率差异，合理规避国际税收；在以欧、美、日为代表的科技创新型的发达国家，或是在行业内处于领先地位的国家建立研发机构。     

攻击机对防空雷达的首攻概率研究

通过分析攻击机的辐射源定位/攻击过程,研究了攻击机水平轰炸防空雷达的首攻概率。首先分析了攻击机发现目标过程,并给出了相应的发现目标概率计算模型;其次,具体分析了攻击机水平轰炸防空雷达的进入目标过程,并给出相应的进入目标概率计算模型;最后,通过相关示例对模型中的主要因素进行了分析,证实了模型的有效性。     

Distribution and variability of accelerated electrons at Mars

We investigate accelerated electrons observed by Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), using data from the Electron Reflectometer (ER) instrument. We find three different types of accelerated electron events. Current sheet events occur over regions with weak or no crustal fields, have the highest electron energy fluxes, and are likely located on draped magnetotail fields. Extended events occur over regions with moderate crustal magnetic fields, and are most often observed on closed magnetic field lines. Localized events have the lowest energy fluxes, occur in strong magnetic cusp regions, and are the most likely kind of event to be found on open magnetic field lines. Some localized events have clear signatures of field-aligned currents; these events have much higher electron fluxes, and are preferentially observed on radially oriented open magnetic field lines. Electron acceleration events, especially localized events, are similar in many ways to events observed in the terrestrial auroral zone. However, physical processes related to those found in the terrestrial cusp and/or plasmasheet could also be responsible for accelerating electrons at Mars.     

对等性权利义务下的我国农业补贴法律制度研究

农业、农村经济的发展以及农民收入的增长是关系国家和社会利益的一件大事。在当前我国社会经济发展前提下，根据权利与义务的对等性理念，分析农业的特性，得出农业具有先义务性，存在权利与义务非对等性的现象，以此揭示农业补贴得以存在的本质内涵，即弥补这种先义务性，寻求权利与义务的数量等值。最后得出必须通过建立完善的农业补贴法律制度，达到权利与义务的对等，保证正当权利的实现，使其获得正当利益，最终使社会正义得以体现。     

周向非均匀流动引起的转子动力学载荷分析

以轴流涡轮为分析对象,分析了流动沿周向分布不均匀的条件下涡轮转子受到的气动载荷。假设涡轮级内的流动沿周向呈1次谐波形式的余弦函数分布,考虑转子叶片叶顶间隙,利用双耦合激励盘模型描述叶片通道中的流动,采用谐波分析方法求得涡轮转子受到的气动载荷。分析了不同轴向位置处、不同非均匀流动参数的影响,讨论了转子偏心所产生的非均匀流动,给出了非稳态流动条件下的气动载荷。结果表明:1次谐波形式的非均匀流动会产生附加载荷作用于转子,从而影响转子的动力学性能;非稳态不均匀流动会影响附加载荷的大小,但不改变其在动坐标系中的方向。