小型无人机气动参数辨识的新型HGAPSO算法

针对小型无人机(UAVs)研制中操稳特性和飞行控制律设计评估对气动参数辨识的需求,提出了一种混合遗传粒子群优化算法(HGAPSO)。该算法以粒子群优化算法(PSO)为主体,在粒子优化路径中,引入遗传算法(GA)的交叉变异操作,增强粒子群跳出局部最优的能力;同时采用Kent映射改进粒子种群的初始化,使初始种群在可行解空间内分布更加均匀,增强全局优化能力。基于仿真结果,依据辨识准度及辨识成功率,对比了HGAPSO、常规PSO和GA优化算法气动参数辨识的结果,然后用蒙特卡洛仿真测试随机观测噪声的影响,结果表明该算法兼备PSO算法高的搜索效率和GA算法的全局优化能力,对随机观测噪声不敏感。最后,通过设计小型UAV试飞示例进行综合应用评价,结果表明:HGAPSO算法基于真实试飞数据进行气动参数辨识取得了满意结果,具有良好的实用性。     

数字化技术在叶轮研制中的应用

本文通过分析归纳建立了一种叶轮数字化建模方法，并利用该方法成功实现了某型叶轮三维模型创建，同时也根据该数字化模型实现了模具数字化设计及其数控加工。     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

等离子鞘套热力学波动对电磁波传播的影响

针对等离子鞘套热力学波动造成电磁波传播特性变化的问题，结合湍流理论、等离子理论和电磁波传播理论，得到了热力学参数波动与介电常数间的关系。计算了不同状态下热力学参数波动引起S和Ka波段电磁波透射和反射系数的变化。结果表明，当电子密度增大，S波段反射系数变化减小、透射系数变化增大；当Ka波段在碰撞频率10MHz时，反射系数变化增大、透射系数变化减小，在碰撞频率1GHz和50GHz时透射系数变化反射系数变化先增后减。不同高度下波动的影响也不同，S波段透射和反射系数变化随高度升高先减后增；Ka波段透射系数变化先减后增、反射系数变化先减后增而后再次减小。因此，应根据实际环境状态获得波动的包络范围，进而针对性开展测控通信系统设计。     

PBT弹性体力学性能及低温脆性研究

采用一步法制备了热固性3,3-双(叠氮甲基)环氧丁烷-四氢呋喃共聚醚(PBT)弹性体,并对其氢键结构、应力-应变关系和动态力学性能及低温脆性进行了研究。结果表明,合成的PBT弹性体拉伸强度和断裂伸长率在DEG羟基含量为35%、R=0.97时,可达2.51 MPa和1 274%,玻璃化温度为-34.5℃。高DEG含量的PBT弹性体脆化参数较低,与常温力学性能变化规律相反。因此,引入低温脆化参数,对PBT弹性体的性能优化具有积极意义。     

A data-driven approach to modeling high-density terminal areas: A scenario analysis of the new Beijing,China airspace

Airports are being developed and expanded rapidly in China to accommodate and pro-mote a growing aviation market. The future Beijing Daxing International Airport (DAX) will serve as the central airport of the JingJinJi megaregion, knitting the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei regions together. DAX will be a busy airport from its inception, relieving congestion and accommodating growth from Beijing Capital International Airport (PEK), currently the second busiest airport in the world in passengers moved. We aim to model terminal airspace designs and possible conflicts in the future Beijing Multi-Airport System (MAS). We investigate standard arrival procedures and mathematically model current and future arrival trajectories into PEK and DAX by collecting large quantities of publicly available track data from historical arrivals operating within the Beijing terminal airspace. We find that (1) trajectory models constructed from real data capture aberrations and deviations from standard arrival procedures, validating the need to incorporate data on histor-ical trajectories with standard procedures when evaluating the airspace and (2) given all existing constraints, DAX may be restricted to using north and east arrival flows, constraining the capacity required to handle the increases in air traffic demand to Beijing. The results indicate that the termi-nal airspace above Beijing, and the future JingJinJi region, requires careful consideration if the full capacity benefits of the two major airports are to be realized.     

一种基于历史标校数据的移相值预测方法

地面测控设备在执行测控任务前,需要对和差接收通道的相位差进行标校(简称校相),以满足测角分系统的目标自跟踪要求.针对因标校设备故障而无法进行校相的问题,通过使用数理统计的多元回归分析方法,对积累的历史标校数据进行分析,确定了设备工作的环境温度对跟踪接收机移相值有显著影响.在此基础上,利用滑动窗口多项式拟合方法得到拟合移相值,并与最近一次的标校移相值进行时变加权,可以得到基于历史标校数据的移相值预测方法.仿真试验表明该方法具有较好的预测精度,可将预测移相值作为跟踪接收机参数,提高测控设备应急测控能力.     

铣削加工工艺力学机理研究

结构件数控铣削加工技术广泛应用于航空航天工业中。铣削加工中,不合理工艺参数下的切削力会引起较大刀具-工件变形及加工颤振,极大影响着加工精度和质量。深入研究工艺过程的力学机理,进而采用建模仿真技术来优选工艺参数,对高效高精度加工技术的实现具有重要意义。本研究围绕切削力建模、动力学建模与颤振稳定性分析以及变形误差预测与控制技术等相关工作进行介绍。     

原位自生TiB2/Al复合材料车削参数多目标优化方法

原位自生TiB2/Al复合材料具有密度小、比强度高、高耐磨等特点,在航空航天领域具有广泛的应用前景.主要针对TiB2/Al复合材料车削参数对表面粗糙度的影响进行探索性研究.首先,以车削速度、进给速度、车削深度为对象,基于单因素试验研究了车削参数控制域.进一步在控制域内设计正交试验,并基于试验结果研究了表面粗糙度与车削参数的映射关系,推导了材料去除率模型.最后,以表面粗糙度和材料去除率为优化目标,提出并研究了基于GA-Pareto的车削参数多目标优化方法,并通过试验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

智能机床的误差补偿技术

误差补偿技术是智能机床精度提高与保持的关键技术之一.分析了国内外机床误差补偿技术研究现状,提出智能机床误差补偿技术总框架;总结了智能机床误差源、误差元素、几何与热误差的误差元素模型及建模方法,以及典型的误差补偿方法;研究了力误差补偿技术、基于零件在线测量的误差综合补偿技术;最后,对未来智能机床误差补偿技术的发展重点进行展望.