三维烧蚀内部热响应数值计算研究

对热解型碳化复合材料三维烧蚀内部热响应数值计算关键技术进行了研究。采用碳化层—热解面—原始材料层模型,将热解气体与碳化层之间的对流换热处理为源项,通过有限元法建立移动边界条件下温度场求解方程组,采用Gauss Seidel迭代法计算热解气体质量流量和温度场。同时,研究和分析了三维烧蚀移动边界处理方法以及动网格生成方法。由于每个时间步都需要网格重划,烧蚀热防护数值计算对存储效率和计算效率要求较高,本文研究了内部热响应计算中影响存储效率和计算效率的主要因素,并提出了相应的压缩存储方案和求解方案。计算结果表明,移动边界处理方法准确合理;存储方案的存储效率较高;保持刚度矩阵和形函数矩阵正定对称性可以加快温度场计算的收敛速度。     

移动式机器人复合电源能量管理策略

为了在不增加移动式机器人重量的前提下提高动力性能并延长电源使用寿命,采用了蓄电池-超级电容器复合电源代替单一蓄电池电源,而能量管理策略在很大程度上决定着复合电源的性能.针对移动式机器人驱动电流兼有低频和高频波动的特点,研究了一种模糊控制与滤波算法相结合的能量管理策略,模糊控制算法在较大时间尺度上对驱动电流的低频变化进行分配,同时滤波算法能够分解出驱动电流在较小时间尺度上的高频脉动成分给超级电容器承担.能量管理系统中通过一个双向DC/DC变换器控制超级电容器电流,间接实现对蓄电池电流的控制.模型仿真和样机实验结果均验证了能量管理策略的有效性.     

低压储能的升浮一体飞行器总体参数研究

升浮一体飞行器是一种综合了太阳能无人机和平流层飞艇特点的新型临近空间飞行器,是航空航天领域研究的热点,可再生燃料电池是升浮一体飞行器最有发展前景的储能装置。针对现有燃料电池中氢气和氧气存储方式的缺陷,充分利用升浮一体飞行器巨大的机身体积,提出了采用低压气囊储气的燃料电池方案,建立了升浮一体飞行器总体参数计算模型,提出常规燃料电池和气囊储气燃料电池的理论计算方法。研究了不同储气方式对升浮一体飞行器的能源系统以及飞行器总体参数的影响。研究表明,采用低压储气方法后,氢气的质量储气密度可提高至13.0%,燃料电池存储能量为1 489.7 kWh条件下,能量密度可达到1 000 Wh/kg以上,对减小升浮一体飞行器总重和外形尺寸、提高飞行器载荷能力有显著作用。     

Heat storage and electricity generation in the Moon during the lunar night

One of the biggest challenges of the exploration of the Moon is the survival of the crew and the lunar assets during the lunar night. The environmental conditions on the lunar surface and its cycle, with long periods of darkness, make any long mission in need of specific amounts of heat and electricity to be successful. We have analyzed two different systems to produce heat and electricity on the Moon's surface. The first system consists of Thermal Wadis, sources of thermal power that can be used to supply heat to protect the exploration systems from the extreme cold during periods of darkness. Previous results showed that Wadis can supply enough heat to keep lunar devices such as rovers above their minimum operating temperature (approximately 243 K). The second system studied here is the Thermal Energy Storage (TES), which is able to run a heat engine during the lunar night to produce electricity. When the Sun is shining on the Moon's surface, the system can run the engine directly using the solar power and simultaneously heat a thermal mass. This thermal mass is used as a high temperature source to run the heat engine during the night. We present analytical and numerical calculations for the determination of an appropriate thermal mass for the TES system.     

制备方法对Al/Fe2 O3纳米铝热剂储存性能的影响

利用SEM、XRD和DSC研究了制备方法对Al/Fe2 O3纳米铝热剂储存性能的影响。结果表明,超声共混法制备的纳米铝热剂放置60 d后,活性铝的平均粒径减小4 nm,使得铝热反应放热量降低13%,之后趋于稳定;机械球磨法制备的纳米铝热剂放置7 d后,活性铝平均粒径减小3 nm,120 d之后,缓慢减小至57.8 nm,活性铝的减少使得铝热反应放热量损失高达16%,;溶胶-凝胶法所制备的纳米铝热剂储存120 d后,活性铝平均粒径减小仅1 nm,明显地减缓了纳米铝粉的氧化,放热量损失仅为6%,并保持稳定。     

大型固体发动机燃烧室立式贮存研究

为研究大型固体发动机对特殊立式贮存环境的适应性,开展了大型固体发动机立式贮存状态的受力分析以及立式贮存试验研究。基于大型固体发动机立式贮存环境条件的分析,综合考虑固化降温、充气内压等因素对发动机立式贮存的影响,开展了联合载荷作用下的计算分析。研究结果表明,发动机立式贮存状态相对初始状态前、后人工脱粘间隙都增大,前人工脱粘间隙增大较多,前人工脱粘开口部位轴向位移最大,中孔径向位移最大;发动机充气后药柱的变形量、前后凸环形药柱界面及药柱中孔处等效应力应变随内压提高有所提高,但前后凸环形药柱界面和药柱中孔处受力状态从三向或两向受拉变为三向受压状态,设计合适的充气内压有利于发动机的长期立式存放。燃烧室立式贮存试验实测了药柱立式贮存后的变形,实测结果与计算结果趋势一致。     

加速老化试验方法评估典型橡胶密封材料贮存寿命的准确性研究

根据密封结构产品延寿工程需求,基于8106 乙丙橡胶等6 种典型运载火箭密封橡胶材料的加速老化试验数据,外推计算其在贮存温度下性能退化至设定值所需的老化时间,并与实际自然老化数据相比较来评价加速老化试验评估橡胶密封材料贮存寿命的准确性。结果表明,加速老化方法可准确用于橡胶密封材料的寿命评估工作。     

Thermal performance of a 3D printed lattice-structure heat sink packaging phase change material

Thermal storage technology is becoming more and more significant with the increase of high-power equipment in space applications. In this paper, 3D printing technology and Phase Change Material (PCM) were combined into a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) system, which could fulfill the requirements of light weight and high thermal conductivity. A 3D-printed lattice-structure TES plate with N-tetradecane as the PCM and aluminum alloy as the thermal conductivity enhancer was manufactured, and experimentally tested in a thermal vacuum chamber. In addition, a simplified simulation model of the lattice cell was established to clearly analyze the heat transfer process of the TES plate. The effects of initial temperature distribution and heat load gradient on the thermal storage performances were investigated experimentally and theoretically. The equivalent thermal conductivity of the 3D-printed lattice-structure TES plate turns out to be 13 times of the pure PCM thanks to the aluminum skeleton. The heat transfer enhancement appears at the end of the phase change stage due to the sudden mixture of the PCM with different temperature. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data. The equivalent thermal conductivity obtained by the phase change simulations are a little higher than those of the experiments, which is mainly caused by the initial uneven temperature distribution in the tests. Additionally, the effects of non-uniform heat load and the presence of the PCM in the TES plate are studied. This work successfully validates the feasibility and effectiveness of 3D printing technology and TES technology for the temperature control in space applications.     

飞轮储能用磁悬浮开关磁阻电机多目标优化设计

研究了一种基于遗传粒子群综合算法(GPSOA)的飞轮储能(FES)用的单绕组磁悬浮开关磁阻电机(SWBSRM)多目标优化设计方案。结合有限元分析(FEA),通过敏感性分析得到SWBSRM悬浮力与效率随主要尺寸参数变化的一般规律。在此基础上,利用GPSOA以悬浮力和效率为目标函数对SWBSRM进行了全局寻优,获得使悬浮力最大和效率最高的参数优化组合。利用FEA对比优化前后电机悬浮力、铁损及磁密的大小,验证了GPSOA多目标优化的有效性。     

发电电动机转子不同磁极引线的应力分布与疲劳特性对比研究

磁极极间连接线是发电电动机转子的关键部件,合理的引线方式可有效避免大型发电电动机运行过程中由于工况频繁切换引起的磁极连接线熔断等故障。针对该问题,采用有限元法对3种典型磁极引线连接方式进行了分析,详细计算额定转速为300 r/min和500 r/min的2台电机的3种磁极连接结构的应力和疲劳情况。结合疲劳分析结果,指出适用于高转速发电-电动机磁极连接线典型结构,并给出发电-电动机磁极连接线设计方面的建议。研究成果可为抽水蓄能电站发电电动机极间连接线选型及运行维护提供支持。