超燃冲压发动机内外流场三维燃烧数值模拟

以某型煤油燃料超燃冲压发动机整机模型为研究对象,对发动机外流场的流动与发动机内的流动燃烧过程开展了耦合三维数值模拟研究.燃烧室壁面静压计算结果与实验数据吻合良好,平均相对误差为4.9%,验证了数值方法的有效性.结果表明:内流场的流动燃烧状况既受到外流场捕获空气流量的限制,又会反过来影响着外流场的激波结构;泄压孔对保持发动机中各部件流量匹配起到关键作用;由于进气道内激波与边界层的相互作用以及泄压孔诱发的斜激波的影响,流场在第1处燃油喷射孔附近呈现出燃烧流场不对称特征.      

Performance comparison of aero-ramp and transverse injector based on gas-pilot flame

A direct performance comparison between the four-hole aero-ramp injector and single transverse injector in a dual-mode scramjet combustor was conducted. The mixing characteristics of two injectors were calculated by solving the three-dimensional (3-D) compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS), with the help of the shear-stress-transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The numerical results show that the far field mixing efficiency of the aero-ramp injector is higher than that of the single transverse injector. High enthalpy vitiated air was heated to a total temperature of 1200K by hydrogen-oxygen combustion, entering the isolator entrance at a Mach number of 2.0. Non-reacting experimental conditions involved sonic injection of nitrogen to safely simulate ethylene injected into the combustor at a jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio of 2.6. Schlieren photographs were obtained to analyze the shock structure around the injectors. Reacting test conditions involved sonic injection of ethylene at the jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2.7. High speed camera was used to capture the flame structures in the near-field combustion. The experimental results show that the aero-ramp injector produce sustained combustion over a wider range of fuel-air ratios than the single transverse injector. At the identical jet-to-free stream momentum flux ratio, the aero-ramp has a larger isolator margin than the single transverse injector, demonstrating a better ability for avoiding overflows. However, the air specific impulse and total temperature recovery of two injectors, which are calculated by the one-dimensional (1-D) performance analysis code, are almost identical.      

基于飞/发一体化的Ma=8~10飞行器任务性能快速评估与分析

针对典型飞行马赫数Ma=8~10高超声速飞行器/超燃冲发动机一体化构型,建立了飞/发性能一体化模型,可以快速评估飞行器气动力、发动机性能和飞行任务性能。对比了在起始推重比为0.3、0.4、0.5和0.6下的飞行器飞行性能,以燃料消耗最小为目标,基于飞/发性能一体化模型,利用MATLAB优化工具箱中的序列二次规划（SQP）算法,得到了该飞行器的最优起始推重比为0.422。给出了Ma=8~10飞行器/发动机的概念方案总体参数,在载荷质量为1 000 kg下,飞行器总质量为5 943 kg,发动机推力为2 505 daN。该飞行器在攻角范围为4.1°~3.8°下总的飞行时间为489 s,飞行距离为1 360 km。     

磁控进气道的临界焓提取率研究与数值验证

为保证磁控进气道工作于起动状态,提出了临界焓提取率的概念,采用涡轮喷气发动机的模型对磁控进气道进行类比分析,推导得到了磁控进气道在临界起动状态下的模型.最后通过数值验算,磁控进气道的临界状态模型与数值结果符合较好,误差小于5.7%,可为磁控进气道的设计提供参考.      

热沉式超燃冲压发动机非稳态热-结构分析

为了评估热沉式超燃冲压发动机非稳态热-结构特性,初步发展了数值模拟方法。将AHL3D计算的超燃发动机三维内流场结果作为输入条件,然后通过参考焓法得到热环境数据,最后将发动机流道的热环境数据和压载数据输入到热/力响应有限元计算程序。通过对地面试验发动机的非稳态热分析计算结果表明,数值模拟方法适用性较好;沿轨道飞行发动机在发动机点火前机体最大温度可达825 K,喷涂绝热涂层能够降低机体温度;发动机机体的应力和位移随着时间的增加而增大。     

溢流槽对二元高超声速进气道性能的影响

首先对澳大利亚HyShot计划进气道模型进行了数值模拟,得到了设计状态及非设计状态下的流场特征,以及进气道性能随来流马赫数的变化规律.根据分析,提出了在二元高超声速进气道内压段开设溢流槽的设计思路,设计了工作马赫数范围为4.0～6.0的二元高超声速进气道,并给出了通过抬高或降低原设计槽口高度得到的两种新的开槽方案进气道的物理模型.通过数值模拟,结果表明:溢流槽有效改善了进气道的性能,拓宽了进气道的工作范围,槽口高度的不同对进气道性能有相当大的影响.      

基于T-S波谐频共振的超燃进气道边界层转棙研究

针对超燃冲压发动机进气道由于激波-边界层干扰引起的边界层分离以及进气道堵塞问题,提出了一种基于T-S波谐频共振原理的进气道边界层控制方法,并通过一种典型的二元进气道风洞试验进行了方法验证。研究结果表明,本文所提出的转捩控制方法能够较好的消除由激波-边界层干扰而引起的边界层分离现象,进而降低边界层分离对进气道性能的不良影响,确保进气道性能。同时说明,在超燃进气道设计过程中,需要充分考虑边界层转捩问题,引入有效的边界层转捩控制方法,以保证发动机的正常工作。      

高超弯曲激波二维进气道初步研究

研究了一种压升规律的曲面压缩面,设计了高超弯曲激波二维进气道,并用数值模拟手段对该进气道和同等条件下的常规高超二维三楔进气道、楔+等熵进气道的性能进行了比较.数值模拟表明:通过给定合理压缩面压升规律来设计压缩面并改善压缩面附面层稳定性是可行的,弯曲激波二维进气道的长度比同等条件下的常规二维三楔、楔+等熵进气道分别缩短12%和10%,并且对来流 Ma 变化不敏感,综合性能优势明显、应用前景大.      

超燃冲压发动机地面试验氢燃烧加热器流场数值模拟

采用Fluent软件模拟超燃冲压发动机直联式地面试验用燃烧型加热器的内部流场,对设计的氢气多孔喷射和氢气单孔喷射方案分别进行了研究.计算结果表明:加热器出口流场均能满足设计总温为1900K,马赫数为1.85的要求,而氢气单孔喷射方案优于氢气多孔喷射方案.计算中也发现了这两种设计方案中存在的不足.      

几何参数对超燃冲压发动机尾喷管性能的影响(英文)

This article investigates and presents the influences of geometric parameters of a scramjet exerting upon its nozzle performances. These parameters include divergent angles, total lengths, height ratios, cowl lengths, and cowl angles. The flow field within the scramjet nozzle is simulated numerically by using the CFD software--FLUENT in association with coupled implicit solver and an RNG k-ε turbulence model.