空气/煤油火炬点火器设计及试验

为解决超燃冲压发动机点火难题，设计了一种以空气和煤油作为氧化剂和燃料的火炬点火器。点火器能量设计为300kW，空气和煤油的设计流量分别为98.9g/s和6.7g/s。采用软件CHEMKIN4.0对不同当量比条件下点火器出口气流参数进行了计算，将点火器的工作状态优选为富氧模式。煤油从点火器端面经旋流喷嘴注入，空气分为一次喷注和二次喷注两个支路，采用普通汽车火花塞点燃空气煤油混合物。建立了试验系统，压力测量和摄影图像表明该点火器能够在当量比在0.3~1.3范围内可靠工作。点火器的起动时间约为0.9s，火焰长度约为30cm，存在高频率小幅值脉动燃烧现象。试验表明该点火器能够可靠点燃超燃冲压发动机。      

Experimental study of hysteresis and catastrophe in a cavity-based scramjet combustor

Hystereses and catastrophes were experimentally investigated in a cavity-based scramjet combustor. The inflow Mach number was 3.0. Fuel Equivalence Ratio (ER) was continuously regulated with multi-steps to explore influences of historical regulation directions on combustion states. Two divided hysteresis loops with catastrophes were observed. By 1-D flow estimations, the first loop occurred with shock-free/separated scramjet mode transitions, while the second kept in the separated scramjet mode. This breaks through the traditional knowledge that hysteresis and catastrophe were certainly related to ramjet/scramjet mode transitions. The first hysteresis and catastrophes were attributed to flame stabilization mode transitions between the cavity shear-layer stabilized and the jet-wake stabilized, with flow separation establishment/vanishment upstream the cavities. The obvious variations of flame and shock/separation structures meant large wall-pressure changes in the expansive duct, and generated obvious thrust catastrophes. Besides, transition ER and catastrophe were larger in historical ER-increasing path because combustion efficiency became obviously larger as flow separation established. Difference of critical transition ERs meant the first hysteresis. The second hysteresis and catastrophes in the jet-wake stabilized mode were attributed to flame/shock interaction mode transitions between the flame/shock weak interaction mode and intensive interaction mode. Each transition caused slightly stronger/weaker flame interacting with slightly larger/smaller flow separation, which meant small wall-pressure changes in the expansive duct, and thus thrust catastrophe was unobvious. Hysteresis occurred as the critical transition ER was slightly higher in historical ER-increasing path because of slightly lower combustion efficiency under slightly smaller separation.     

吸气式高超声速飞行器前体/进气道一体化设计与试验

针对吸气式高超声速飞行器前体/进气道一体化设计的问题，以总体指标为约束，采用数值设计手段开展了前体/进气道一体化设计，并对高超声速飞行器进行测压/测力试验，考核了前体/进气道的一些主要性能，结果表明:①设计状态下，数值计算结果表明前体/进气道性能符合总体指标要求，设计手段有效；②数值手段模拟结果和风洞试验结果吻合良好，流量系数最大误差为4％，总压恢复系数最大误差为42％，数值算法有效；③前体/进气道的附加阻力随来流马赫数的增大而减小，0°攻角下，在来流马赫数为4时，附加阻力占总阻力的172％，在总体设计时应予以考虑；④在进行吸气式高超声速飞行器通流测压/测力试验设计时，应充分考虑进气道不起动的试验预案，防止由于进气道不起动导致整个试验的失败.      

高超声速超燃冲压发动机实时模型仿真研究

给出了一种高超声速超燃冲压发动机实时模型建立方法.发动机采用基于特性的部件级建模思想，考虑了燃烧室的容积效应，其中，在计算进气道参数时给出一种计算激波角的方法，该方法能够一次得到激波角，不需数值解法，在保证精度的同时简化了计算过程.该发动机动态模型通过数值积分来完成，避免了循环迭代，提高了模型计算速度与实时性.以某超燃冲压发动机建模为例, 通过闭环仿真实验得到在动态过程中响应时间在1s左右，超调量为0.5%.仿真结果表明:该建模方法满足提高实时性的要求，有助于对此类发动机动态过程进行控制研究.      

溢流槽对二元高超声速进气道性能的影响研究

首先对澳大利亚HyShot计划进气道模型进行了数值模拟，得到了设计状态及非设计状态下的流场特征，以及进气道性能随来流马赫数的变化规律。根据分析，提出了在二元高超声速进气道内压段开设溢流槽的设计思路，设计了工作马赫数4.0～6.0范围的二元高超声速进气道，并给出了通过抬高或降低原设计槽口高度得到的两种新的开槽方案进气道的物理模型。通过数值模拟，结果表明：溢流槽有效改善了进气道的性能，拓宽了进气道的工作范围，槽口高度的不同对进气道性能有相当大的影响。     

不同PDF模型在超燃冲压发动机数值模拟中的应用

湍流与燃烧相互作用对复杂超声速燃烧流场产生影响,基于设定型PDF(ProbabilityDensityFunction)模型对其不同分布模型进行研究。考虑温度和组分联合概率密度函数,采用β-PDF和δ-PDF方法对HF2直连式发动机模型进行模拟,并与该发动机风洞试验数据进行对比。结果表明:无论是定量还是定性分析,两种PDF方法的预测结果与实验结果吻合好,说明湍流与化学反应相互作用不能忽略;采用β分布的算例壁面压强分布结果与实验结果吻合更好,燃烧效率更高,更能够捕捉湍流对于化学反应的影响。