What Determines the Composition of SEPs in Gradual Events?

Gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events are evidently accelerated by coronal/interplanetary shocks driven by coronal mass ejections. This talk addresses the different factors which determine the composition of the accelerated ions. The first factor is the set of available seed populations including the solar wind core and suprathermal tail, remnant impulsive events from preceding solar flares, and remnant gradual events. The second factor is the fractionation of the seed ions by the injection process, that is, what fraction of the ions are extracted by the shock to participate in diffusive shock acceleration. Injection is a controversial topic since it depends on the detailed electromagnetic structure of the shock transition and the transport of ions in these structured fields, both of which are not well understood or determined theoretically. The third factor is fractionation during the acceleration process, due to the dependence of ion transport in the turbulent electromagnetic fields adjacent to the shock on the mass/charge ratio. Of crucial importance in the last two factors is the magnetic obliquity of the shock. The form of the proton-excited hydromagnetic wave spectrum is also important. Finally, more subtle effects on ion composition arise from the superposition of ion contributions over the time history of the shock along the observer’s magnetic flux tube, and the sequence of flux tubes sampled by the observer.     

企业经济效益综合评价与分级管理方法

本文针对财政部设计的企业经济效益评价指标体系，用多目标优化方法的思想对其进行优化处理，并且数理统计方法将各指标值折算成分数以符合人们的习惯；同时，用数理分析等方法将所得的评价序列进行分级归类管理。     

大型真空热试验中的摄像观察技术

为完成在大型真空热试验中对飞船表面及舷窗的摄像观察提出了实施方案,分析并解决了普通摄像设备在真空—低温下使用的关键的技术问题,满足了试验要求.     

大型空间模拟器真空测量的自动化

介绍了大型空间模拟器真空测量自动化的实施和特点,以及真空度的描述方法,对真空测量自动化的进一步发展提出了设想。     

低空突防任务下综合飞行/推进系统的建模与仿真

建立了综合飞行／推进系统的数学模型，介绍了飞机全维非线性数学模型和涡轮风扇发动机非线性部件级数学模型的建模及综合方法。对飞机执行地形中随任务时，飞行员调节飞行速度的方法与基于总能量的调节飞行速度的方法进行了比较。结果表明，基于总能量的方法比飞行员直接控制飞行速度能够减小发动机的燃油消耗，降低发动机的磨损，进而可以增加飞机的航程，延长发动机的使用寿命。     

高校后勤社会化改革中有关财务管理问题的研究

运用现代财务管理知识结合我国高校后勤的特点，就高校后勤社会化改革中涉及到的有关配套政策措施和财务管理问题进行了深入分析研究。     

Broad-band spectral properties of accreting X-ray binary pulsars

Broad-band spectra of accreting X-ray binary pulsars can be fitted by a phenomenological model composed of a power law with a high energy rollover above 10 keV, plus a blackbody component with a temperature of few hundred eV. While, at least qualitatively, the hard tail can be explained in terms of (inverse) Compton scattering, the origin of the soft component cannot find a unique explanation. Recently, a qualitative picture able to explain the overall broad-band spectrum of luminous X-ray pulsars was carried out by taking into account the effect of bulk Comptonization in the accretion column. After a review of these recent theoretical developments, I will present a case study of how different modeling of the continuum affect broad features, in particular the cyclotron resonance features in Vela X-1.     

The double-pulsar binary J0737–3039

A recent multibeam pulsar survey of the outer Galactic plane at Parkes has discovered the first-known double-pulsar binary, a very compact double neutron star system in which both stars are observable as radio pulsars. In this review, we briefly describe the discovery and the studies which have been enabled by the unique properties of the system. These range from the most precise confirmation yet of the theory of general relativity, with the possibility of even more new tests and the measurement of second-order post-Newtonian effects, to studies of the magnetospheres and emission properties of the two pulsars. The discovery also results in a significant increase in the expected rate of occurrence of the mergers of double neutron star systems, and hence the rate of detection of such events by the new ground-based gravitational wave detectors.     

19世纪40年代以前中国复式簿记思想的成长轨迹

中国复式簿记思想经历了短暂且柔弱的胚胎形式,并从人名账户思想、物名账户思想、账户平衡思想等主要方面写下了它的成长轨迹,在18世纪中叶达到了它相对成熟的阶段.     

网络环境下高校图书馆如何加强馆藏资源建设

根据网络环境给高校图书馆献信息资源建设工作带来的挑战，从印刷型纸质献建设、电子献资源建设、网络信息资源建设、信息资源的共享共建等方面论述了高校图书馆如何加强信息资源建设。