层板内部压力分布及流阻特性实验

在冲击雷诺数为1×104~6×104条件下,针对不同气膜孔开孔率两种层板模型,实验研究了靶面、冲击面、扰流柱面压力系数分布以及冲击射流、绕流、溢流的局部损失和整体损失系数.结果表明:靶面由于滞止区加速流动向着壁面射流区减速流动过渡,压力系数出现二次峰值.两股冲击射流在靶面相汇形成低压力系数区,相汇后翻卷回冲击面形成低压力系数区.距离冲击孔较远的两排扰流柱表面压力系数分布受雷诺数影响较大.雷诺数Re≤3×104时,压力分布表现为横掠单管的绕流特征.雷诺数Re≥4×104时,压力分布表现为翻卷绕流特征.溢流损失系数最大,绕流损失系数次之,冲击射流损失系数最小.开孔率减小一半,冲击射流损失和绕流损失变化较小,气膜孔溢流损失升高至少4倍.      

燃烧室壁面鳞片型气膜孔流动与冷却机理分析

为了研究某型发动机燃烧室内的鳞片型气膜冷却孔流动及冷却机理,采用平板模型及燃烧室模型进行数值模拟研究,揭示鳞片型气膜冷却孔对燃烧室壁面冷却特性及燃烧特性的影响。结果表明:鳞片型气膜孔的鳞片结构有利于消除外卷对涡,增强气膜展向动量,具有较好的气膜冷却效率和展向覆盖特性;鳞片型气膜孔结构能有效降低冷气流量,提升冷却性能,应用鳞片气膜冷却孔的燃烧室壁面气膜冷却效果更优于应用平圆孔的;应用鳞片气膜冷却孔的燃烧室出口温度分布系数(Out let Temperat ure Di st r i but i on Fact or,OTDF)较低。     

一种交织铺层结构层合板性能

结合复合材料自动纤维铺放(AFP)技术,提出了一种交织铺层结构层合板成型方法,制备了非交织、交织正交层合板、非交织、两向交织和四向交织准各向同性层合板复合材料,并对交织铺层结构复合材料的层间结构和性能进行了分析研究。结果表明:交织正交层合板的拉伸、压缩、弯曲性能较非交织板性能均有所下降,但其层间剪切性能有明显提高,提高幅度约为16%;随着交织铺层组厚度的增加,交织层合板的拉伸性能呈下降趋势;交织层合板的开孔后拉伸、开孔后压缩和冲击后压缩强度保持率均高于非交织板,且冲击后分层损伤面积明显低于非交织板。交织铺层结构层合板相对于普通非交织层合板具有更好的损伤容限能力。     

1 次表面换热器在舰船燃气轮机间冷系统中的应用

1次表面换热器凭借其高效紧凑的换热特点特别适用于舰船燃气轮机的间冷系统中。为其在燃气轮机间冷系统的应用提供设计指导,在保证间冷系统性能要求的前提下减小间冷器的尺寸和体积,开展液-气1次表面换热器的换热性能和压降研究。针对舰船燃气轮机设计点间冷器的典型热力参数和布置特点,设计了满足间冷系统性能要求的间冷器模块,给出并分析了所设计的间冷器在不同冷却淡水温度和流量下的换热器性能。结果表明:在燃气轮机非设计工况下间冷器的气侧出口温度和压降会随着燃气轮机负荷的下降呈近似线性下降,在燃气轮机低负荷时需注意气体中水冷凝问题。     

Quantitative contribution of climate change and anthropological activities to vegetation carbon storage in the Dongting Lake basin in the last two decades

The Dongting Lake Basin is an important hydrological regulation and flood storage area in the Yangtze River Basin, which plays an important role in maintaining regional ecological security. The watershed vegetation and its carbon sequestration capacity have changed dramatically due to climate change and human activities in the last two decades. In this paper, the monthly and annual vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) of the Dongting Lake basin during 2000 to 2020 was firstly estimated using the improved Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model. Then the multi-year NPP change trend and its significance were analyzed based on Theil-Sen median and Mann-Kendall method. Subsequently, the Hurst index was used to simulate the vegetation NPP persistence in the study area. Finally, the driving mechanisms of vegetation NPP changes in the study area were explored using partial correlation coefficients and residual analysis. The results demonstrated that: 1) The annual average NPP in the basin showed a fluctuating and increasing trend from 273.54 to 718.30 g C/m²·yr¹ during 2000 to 2020, and except for autumn, all seasons (spring, summer, winter) and annual NPP series showed an upward trend. The spatial distribution of vegetation NPP is characterized by an asymmetrical horseshoe shape in general, with high values in the west, south and east parts, and low values in the Lake area; 2) During the study years, about 84.38 % of the basin area showed a significant and extremely significant increase of NPP; 3) The future trend of vegetation NPP in the basin shows that the area of decrease (22.79 %) is more than the area of increase (11.35 %). The Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration will generally show a continuous and extremely significant reduction trend, while parts of Dongting Lake will show a continuous and extremely significant increase trend; 4) The correlation between solar radiation and NPP is stronger than the other two meteorological factors (precipitation and temperature). Temperature has a significant inhibitory effect on NPP, solar radiation has a significant promoting effect on NPP, and the effect of precipitation on NPP was relatively complicated. The relative importance of meteorological factors on vegetation NPP was ranked as follows: solar radiation > precipitation > temperature. The impacts of both climate change and human activities on NPP changes showed great spatial variability, and the positive contributions (89.81 % for climate change and 82.87 % for human activities) were both greater than the negative contributions.     

离散孔结构超声速气膜冷却数值模拟

为了得到气膜入口结构对气膜冷却效率的影响规律，并为工程应用提供参考，针对不同形状气膜入口结构的离散孔超声速气膜冷却展开了三维数值模拟。结果表明:气膜入口结构对气膜冷却效率影响明显，轴对称孔入口收敛段结构的流量系数直接影响冷却效果，计算工况下流量系数降低013下游冷却效率约降低005，应该防止收敛段剧烈收缩；同时，离散孔扩张段面积变化速率越小越有利于冷却，变化过快会使得冷却剂得不到充分发展，垂直主流方向的速度分量大，使得气膜往两侧流动而中心区域冷却效果变差；在非轴对称离散孔出口增加平直段能使射流更集中，可以有效防止气膜在上游被穿透造成冷却恶化现象。      

气膜孔位置对突肩叶尖气膜冷却效率的影响

采用标准k-ε两方程模型求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程组，研究了气膜孔位置对突肩叶尖间隙泄漏流场、气膜冷却效率和表面传热系数的影响，共模拟了3种气膜孔排布方式:中弧线气膜孔、吸力侧气膜孔、前缘气膜孔，考虑了间隙高度（t）和吹风比（M）的影响。研究结果表明:在冷气流量相同的情况下气膜孔位置对突肩叶尖气膜冷却效率影响很大，中弧线气膜冷却突肩叶尖在中弧线到压力侧突肩区域有较好的气膜覆盖；吸力侧气膜冷却突肩叶尖在中弦处的吸力侧突肩到中弧线区域和尾缘区域有较好的气膜覆盖；前缘气膜孔突肩叶尖在整个叶尖表面都有较好的气膜覆盖。间隙高度对不同突肩叶尖的影响不同。吹风比增大时前缘气膜孔突肩叶尖的气膜冷却效率增幅远大于其余两种排布方式。