An integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach to analyze human factors in aviation accidents

Human factors are critical causes of modern aviation accidents. However, existing accident analysis methods encounter limitations in addressing aviation human factors, especially in complex accident scenarios. The existing graphic approaches are effective for describing accident mechanisms within various categories of human factors, but cannot simultaneously describe inadequate human–aircraft–environment interactions and organizational deficiencies effectively, and highly depend on analysts' skills and experiences. Moreover, the existing methods do not emphasize latent unsafe factors outside accidents. This paper focuses on the above three limitations and proposes an integrated graphic–taxonomic–associative approach. A new graphic model named accident tree(AcciTree), with a two-mode structure and a reaction-based concept, is developed for accident modeling and safety defense identification. The AcciTree model is then integrated with the well-established human factors analysis and classification system(HFACS) to enhance both reliability of the graphic part and logicality of the taxonomic part for improving completeness of analysis. An associative hazard analysis technique is further put forward to extend analysis to factors outside accidents, to form extended safety requirements for proactive accident prevention. Two crash examples, a research flight demonstrator by our team and an industrial unmanned aircraft, illustrate that the integrated approach is effective for identifying more unsafe factors and safety requirements.     

中间相炭微球为炭源反应形成SiC陶瓷及其结构与性能

以中间相炭微球和SiC粉为原料,模压渗硅制备了反应形成SiC陶瓷.计算了制品各相含量随SiC粉掺量、渗硅温度和保温时间改变的变化规律,同时测试了制品性能,并通过SEM观察了制品表面形貌.计算结果表明,随SiC粉掺量的增加,硅化后制品Si和SiC相体积分数提高,C相体积分数降低;渗硅温度的提高可降低制品开气孔率和提高密度...     

果皮富氧气化的动力学研究

利用小型固定床式气化炉对果皮进行富氧气化的实验，本文采用均相反应气化模型详细介绍了果皮富氧气化的表征动力学模型的建立，求得了果皮富氧气化的动力学参数。最后比较发现氧气作气化剂时的动力学参数小于二氧化碳作气化剂时的参数，相对来讲采用富氧气化效果优于二氧化碳。     

金属/水反应冲压发动机理论性能计算与分析

基于水与金属燃料反应的水冲压发动机是一种新型的水下动力装置。为了研究水下冲压发动机的基本性能，在简述热力计算原理的基础上，以含铝贫氧推进剂为例对燃气发生器式水冲压发动机、以铝金属燃料为例对漩流式水冲压发动机进行了不同工作状态下的热力计算，得出了发动机比冲与水燃比、工作压强等之间的定性关系。     

硅橡胶基绝热材料高温热行为研究

采用高温管式炉在惰性气氛下研究了硅橡胶基绝热材料在1 073～1 873 K的热行为,利用X射线衍射和红外光谱等手段探索了高温固相残余物的产生历程和碳化硅的生成机制,采用热重-差热联用表征了高温固相残余物的热氧化性能。研究结果表明,随着处理温度升高,硅橡胶基绝热材料的固相残余物逐渐向高温陶瓷转化,其热稳定性和耐氧化性相应提高;硅橡胶基体在1 073 K已分解完毕,其固相残余物为碳、硅氧碳化物和SiO2等;随温度上升,有机碳向更加耐氧化的无机碳转变;硅氧碳化物随温度升高向碳化硅转化;气相SiO2高温下由无定型转化为方石英晶体,并与碳发生碳热反应生成碳化硅。     

SLUCUBE: Innovative high performance nanosatellite science and technology demonstration mission

The Space Systems Research Laboratory (SSRL) at Saint Louis University is developing SLUCUBE nanosatellite as part of the space mission design program. The objective of the mission is to demonstrate space capability of high performance nanosatellite components that has been developed at SSRL for the past three years. The objective of the program is to provide extremely low-cost and rapid access to space for scientists and commercial exploitation using commercial-off-the-shelf components. SLUCUBE is a double CubeSat with dimensions 10×10×20 cm and a mass of 2 kg. This nanosatellite features suite of technology demonstration components to enlarge the capability of space mission for such class of spacecrafts. The primary mission of SLUCUBE is to test and demonstrate several enabling technologies by flying a number of university developed high performance components. This paper describes the new developed technologies by providing details of specific components developed along with the R&D efforts and laboratory facilities. A brief discussion about the student involvement and educational benefits will also be presented.     

制备方法对Al/Fe2 O3纳米铝热剂储存性能的影响

利用SEM、XRD和DSC研究了制备方法对Al/Fe2 O3纳米铝热剂储存性能的影响。结果表明,超声共混法制备的纳米铝热剂放置60 d后,活性铝的平均粒径减小4 nm,使得铝热反应放热量降低13%,之后趋于稳定;机械球磨法制备的纳米铝热剂放置7 d后,活性铝平均粒径减小3 nm,120 d之后,缓慢减小至57.8 nm,活性铝的减少使得铝热反应放热量损失高达16%,;溶胶-凝胶法所制备的纳米铝热剂储存120 d后,活性铝平均粒径减小仅1 nm,明显地减缓了纳米铝粉的氧化,放热量损失仅为6%,并保持稳定。     

双酚A型环氧树脂紫外光固化工艺及其力学性能

为了推进紫外光固化技术在环氧树脂及其复合材料制备中的应用,以双酚A型环氧树脂E51为基体,采用自行研制的紫外光设备固化,利用红外光谱法测定固化后树脂的固化度,研究了树脂体系中光引发剂和稀释剂含量对树脂固化速率的影响以及环氧树脂的紫外光固化特性,获得的树脂体系的最优配方为：双酚A型环氧树脂E51:活性稀释剂660A:光引发剂1176=100:10:5（质量比）,并对紫外光固化树脂浇铸体的力学性能进行了测试,其拉伸强度和模量分别可达到32.34 MPa和1.80 GPa,弯曲强度和模量分别为60.64 MPa和1.73 GPa。结果表明,紫外光固化速率随树脂体系中光引发剂含量的增加而上升,随活性稀释剂含量的增加先上升后下降;与传统热固化相比,紫外光固化不仅可以大幅度缩短树脂体系的固化时间,同时,制得的树脂浇铸体具有良好的综合力学性能。研究结果对紫外光固化技术在实际生产中的应用具有重要意义。     

PET/N100粘合剂体系固化过程FTIR研究(Ⅰ)--TIR曲线

采用了加热原位池／FTIR联用技术实时跟踪N100和环氧乙彬四氢呋喃共聚醚（PET）固化反应过程的方法,获得了固化度与温度的关系（TIR）曲线,研究了添加物及升温速率对固化体系的影响,发现催化刺对固化反应有明显的力口速作用,增塑荆的加入,使得固化反应的起始温度增加,终止温度降低,这些结果为固化TIR动力学的进一步研究提供了基本数据。     

考虑耦合效应的动量轮扰动测量

动量轮微振动是影响卫星姿态控制精度的重要因素.测量动量轮扰动的目的是掌握其扰动规律,进而采取相应的控制方法和隔离技术.由于动量轮的扰动频带很宽,扰动会与测试台的固有频率产生耦合.应用"动质量测试法"来定量地考察测试台刚度对扰动力测试的影响,并建立动量轮的力学模型,以得到不受影响的纯扰动.设计两种不同刚度的测试平台进行扰动测试.应用放大系数对测试结果进行修正,得到消除测试平台刚度影响的测试结果并进行比较.比较结果表明:动质量测试与理论建模结合法能够得到测试台的刚度对测试结果的影响.