乙醇-空气稀液雾值班火焰的大涡模拟研究

为加深对气液两相湍流燃烧现象的认知,检测火焰面模型在液雾燃烧中的适用性,本文在欧拉-拉格朗日架构下使用火焰面/反应进度变量模型(FPV)数值模拟了乙醇-空气稀液雾值班火焰。欧拉坐标系下的气相湍流场使用大涡模拟方法模拟,离散液相则使用拉格朗日颗粒轨道模型进行描述,考虑了相间质量、动量、能量交换。燃烧模型中采用碳元素定义混合物分数,在混合物分数方程源项中体现液相对燃烧模型的影响。模拟得到的气相温度分布和液相统计值均和实验数据较好吻合,验证了该燃烧模型对稀液雾扩散类型火焰的适用性。分析瞬时图发现,该稀液雾火焰的最高燃烧温度往往位于当量混合物分数附近,在出口下游20倍直径处火焰完全点着,此处上游FPV模型能给出局部点火熄火现象。蒸发作用在剪切层和点火区域较强,而液滴和火焰作用较弱,单一液滴很少被火焰包围。     

抑波槽宽度对水陆两栖飞机喷溅性能影响对比试验研究

抑波槽宽度合理性直接影响抑制喷溅的效果。通过两个抑波槽宽度的单船身模型拖曳水池对比试验,比较同一状态两者喷溅包络线,分析抑波槽宽度变化对飞机喷溅性能影响,表明减小抑波槽宽度使螺旋桨处喷溅高度增加19%以上,使襟翼处喷溅高度降低54%。     

热障涂层技术在航空发动机涡轮叶片上的应用

热障涂层是提高航空发动机涡轮叶片工作温度的有效途径之一。根据某型发动机高压涡轮工作叶片、导向器叶片的结构特点和各种涂层制备技术的优缺点,制定了工作叶片和导向叶片表面底层、面层和内腔的涂层制备方案。对工作叶片、导向器叶片材料试样表面涂层的性能开展一系列测试试验。结果表明:涂层性能满足要求,涂层制备方案合理可行;对工作叶片、导向器叶片内表面涂层的厚度,气膜孔径的影响以及质量增加情况进行测量分析,结果均满足设计要求,表明涂层制备工艺合理可行。     

不同类型多级等离子体激励器诱导气流的力学特性研究

等离子体激励器通过产生的等离子加速气流,可以实现对流动的控制。单级等离子体激励器由于受到等离子体放电的物理限制,其控制作用较小;为了提高等离子体流动控制的效果,关于多级等离子体激励器的研究得到发展。采用图像采集和粒子示踪测速系统(PIV),对传统多级等离子体激励器和多级双极性等离子体激励器的放电现象以及气流加速进行研究,并通过流场速度分布计算等离子体激励器对空气产生的推力和吸力。结果表明:随着电压的升高,传统多级等离子体激励器产生的推力和吸力会逐渐减弱;而多级双极性等离子体激励器产生的推力和吸力均呈逐渐增强的趋势。     

Modeling Multifractality of the Solar Wind

The question of multifractality is of great importance because it allows us to investigate interplanetary hydromagnetic turbulence. The multifractal spectrum has been investigated with Voyager (magnetic field) data in the outer heliosphere and with Helios (plasma) data in the inner heliosphere. We use the Grassberger and Procaccia method that allows calculation of the generalized dimensions of the solar wind attractor in the phase space directly from the cleaned experimental signal. We analyze time series of plasma parameters of the low-speed streams of the solar wind measured in situ by Helios in the inner heliosphere. The resulting spectrum of dimensions shows a multifractal structure of the solar wind attractor. In order to quantify that multifractality, we use a simple analytical model of the dynamical system. Namely, we consider the generalized self-similar baker’s map with two parameters describing uniform compression and natural invariant measure on the attractor of the system. The action of this map exhibits stretching and folding properties leading to sensitive dependence on initial conditions. The obtained solar wind singularity spectrum is consistent with that for the multifractal measure on the weighted baker’s map.     

Shear Flow Instabilities in Low-Beta Space Plasmas

We study instabilities driven by a sheared plasma flow in the low-frequency domain. Two unstable branches are found: the ion-sound mode and the kinetic Alfvén mode. Both instabilities are aperiodic. The ion-sound instability does not depend on the plasma β (gas/magnetic pressure ratio) and has a maximum growth rate of about 0.1 of the velocity gradient dV ₀/dx. On the other hand, the kinetic Alfvén instability is stronger for larger β and dominates the ion-sound instability for β > 0.05. Possible applications for space plasmas are shortly discussed.     

Complexity,Forced and/or Self-Organized Criticality,and Topological Phase Transitions in Space Plasmas

The first definitive observation that provided convincing evidence indicating certain turbulent space plasma processes are in states of ‘complexity’ was the discovery of the apparent power-law probability distribution of solar flare intensities. Recent statistical studies of complexity in space plasmas came from the AE index, UVI auroral imagery, and in-situ measurements related to the dynamics of the plasma sheet in the Earth's magnetotail and the auroral zone. In this review, we describe a theory of dynamical ‘complexity’ for space plasma systems far from equilibrium. We demonstrate that the sporadic and localized interactions of magnetic coherent structures are the origin of ‘complexity’ in space plasmas. Such interactions generate the anomalous diffusion, transport, acceleration, and evolution of the macroscopic states of the overall dynamical systems. Several illustrative examples are considered. These include: the dynamical multi- and cross-scale interactions of the macro-and kinetic coherent structures in a sheared magnetic field geometry, the preferential acceleration of the bursty bulk flows in the plasma sheet, and the onset of ‘fluctuation induced nonlinear instabilities’ that can lead to magnetic reconfigurations. The technique of dynamical renormalization group is introduced and applied to the study of two-dimensional intermittent MHD fluctuations and an analogous modified forest-fire model exhibiting forced and/or self-organized criticality [FSOC] and other types of topological phase transitions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

刚体转动惯量的测量及数据处理

本文采用一元线性回归法进行刚体转动惯量实验的数据处理,对通常在测量中运用的简化条件作了分析,从而提高了实验课的教学水平,并使该实验具有实用价值。     

化学气相反应法在C/C复合材料抗氧化处理中的应用

通过把硅蒸气渗入预制体孔隙与碳直接反应生成SiC的化学气相反应(CVR)方法,提高初始密度和预制体结构均不同的C／C复合材料的抗氧化能力,研究了C／C复合材料的密度变化与微观结构,并对其进行了氧化试验。结果表明,因CVR温度、C／C复合材料初始密度不同,抗氧化处理后的密度增加量有显著不同。针刺炭布C／C／SiC复合材料在马福炉中于1160℃经65min氧化后,其失重率仅2．6％,而密度为1．95g／cm^3的同结构C／C复合材料相在同条件下失重率高达32％。     

Effect of q-nonextensive hot electrons on bifurcations of nonlinear and supernonlinear ion-acoustic periodic waves

Nonlinear and supernonlinear ion-acoustic periodic waves are investigated in a three-component unmagnetized plasma which consists of mobile fluid cold ions, Maxwellian cold electrons and q-nonextensive hot electrons employing phase plane analysis. Using the traveling wave transformation, the plasma system is reduced to a planar autonomous dynamical system. Utilizing phase plane analysis of planar dynamical systems, all possible phase portraits including nonlinear homoclinic orbit, nonlinear periodic orbit, supernonlinear homoclinic orbit and supernonlinear periodic orbit are presented depending on physical parameters $q,\alpha ,\sigma$ and V. Using numerical simulations, nonlinear and supernonlinear ion-acoustic periodic waves are shown for different conditions. It is found that the nonextensive parameter q plays a crucial role in the bifurcations of nonlinear and supernonlinear ion-acoustic periodic waves. Our study may be applicable to understand the nonlinear and supernonlinear periodic features in auroral plasma.