Nucleation of β/α Phases in Undercooled Ti-48( at％ )Al Peritectic Alloy

采用电磁悬浮熔炼的深过冷凝固技术实现了Ti-48( at％) Al合金的深过冷,获得的最大过冷度为295K.采用红外测温仪记录实验过程的温度变化数据,OM技术观察不同过冷度下凝固合金的显微组织,结合深过冷凝固过程中的再辉行为分析了该合金的非平衡凝固路径.运用负熵模型、经典形核理论及瞬态形核理论,研究了Ti-48( at％)Al包晶合金中初生相与次生相的形核与过冷度之间的关系.通过对该合金熔体的β(bcc)相和α(hcp)相的临界形核功、稳态形核率、形核孕育时间和瞬态形核率的计算,并结合实验结果对β,α两相的形核进行了综合分析.结果表明,在～10K/s的较低冷速情况下,在整个过冷度(≤295K)范围内B(bcc)相总能作为初生相首先形核.     

7YSZ coating prepared by PS-PVD based on heterogeneous nucleation

Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) as a novel coating process based on low-pressure plasma spray (LPPS) has been significantly used for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). A coating can be deposited from liquid splats, nano-sized clusters, and the vapor phase forming different structured coatings, which shows obvious advantages in contrast to conventional technologies like atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In addition, it can be used to produce thin, dense, and porous ceramic coatings for special applications because of its special characteristics, such as high power, very low pressure, etc. These provide new opportunities to obtain different advanced microstructures, thus to meet the growing requirements of modern functional coatings. In this work, focusing on exploiting the potential of gas-phase deposition from PS-PVD, a series of 7YSZ coating experiments with various process conditions was performed in order to better understand the deposition process in PS-PVD, where coatings were deposited on different substrates including graphite and zirconia. Meanwhile, various substrate temperatures were investigated for the same substrate. As a result, a deposition mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation has been presented showing that surface energy is an important influencing factor for coating structures. Besides, undercooling of the interface between substrate and vapor phase plays an important role in coating structures.     

柔性接头疲劳摆动寿命分析研究

通常柔性接头在进行全周大角度摆动时易发生疲劳失效.为探究柔性接头摆动寿命与损伤机理,基于裂纹成核理论,提出了一种预估柔性接头疲劳寿命有限元计算方法,并分别预估了1MPa,3MPa,5MPa,8MPa内压下柔性接头摆动4.5°的疲劳寿命.结果表明,柔性接头疲劳失效最易发生于与前法兰相连的弹性件上,在内压3MPa左右时疲劳...     

Phase-field Modeling of the Influence of Elastic Field on the Nucleation and Microstructure Evolution in Precipitation

A phase-field method was employed to study the influence of elastic field on the nucleation and microstructure evolution. Two kinds of nucleation process were considered:one using fixed nucleation probability and the other calculated from the classical nucleation theory. In the latter case, the simulated results show that the anisotropic elastic strain field yields significant effects on the behavior of nucleation. With a large lattice misfit between the matrixes and the precipitates, the nucleation process does not appear fully random but displays some spatial correlation and has a preference for the elastic soft direction. However, with a small lattice misfit, this bias does not look quite clear. On the contrary, in the case of fixed nucleation probability, the elastic field has no influence on the nucleation proc- ess. The lattice mismatch also exerts influences on the microstructure morphology: with lattice mismatch becoming larger, the micro- structure proves to align along the elastic soft direction.     

FGH4096合金的动态再结晶与晶粒细化研究

使用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对热等静压态FGH4096合金进行变形温度1080～1140℃,应变速率0.02～1s-1,变形量15%,35%和50%的等温压缩实验.通过观察微观组织,分析了粉末高温合金动态再结晶的组织演化规律,并通过透射电镜研究了再结晶的形核位置.当变形量在35%及以下时,得到不完全再结晶...     

粉末冶金材料拉伸试件的空穴分析

本文用有限元软件对粉末冶金材料拉伸试件在含有微空洞时做了大应变塑性分析，同时对应用Gurson本构方程进行了分析。讨论了不同位置和不同形状的微空洞对空穴形核、长大及材料的破坏机理的影响。数值模拟结果表明：微空洞形状和位置对材料的破坏作用明显。     

Si-Zr-B涂层结构稳定性及对DD3单晶高温合金深过冷的非催化形核惰性

以 Si O2 玻璃粉、分析纯 Zr O2 粉为粉料,分析纯 C2 H5OH,Zr OCl2 · 8H2 O,去离子 H2 O与分析纯Si(OC2 H5) 4按 4∶ 0.1 1∶ 3∶ 1的摩尔比配制的前驱液经 3 5℃,1 80 min水解 -聚合反应后形成的 Si O2 -Zr O2溶胶为粘结剂,H3 BO3 为软化剂,用熔模制壳技术在壳型内壁制备了 Si-Zr-B基底涂层。利用溶胶 -凝胶原理,以 Si O2 -Zr O2 溶胶中加入 H3 BO3 形成的 Si O2 -Zr O2 -B2 O3 溶胶为原料,经浸涂 -分级热处理和 80 0℃玻璃化热处理后,在基底涂层表面制备了适宜厚度的同成分玻璃薄膜涂层。将涂层在 1 5 0 0℃保温 3 0 min后,XRD结果表明,涂层的析晶量仅为 1 %～ 3 %,具有很高的高温结构稳定性。过冷实验表明,DD3单晶高温合金可在该 Si-Zr-B涂层壳型内获得最大 1 4 0 K过冷度,完全可以实现深过冷快速凝固,证明 Si-Zr-B涂层具有良好的非催化形核惰性。     

黄麻纤维表面原位沉积纳米SiO2工艺以及机理探究

采用超声-溶胶凝胶法在黄麻纤维表面原位沉积纳米SiO_2,通过红外光谱分析,微观形貌分析以及沉积量测试,讨论了不同工艺参数对纳米SiO_2沉积效果的影响。结果表明:随着正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)浓度或氨水浓度的增加,纳米SiO_2的沉积量逐渐增多,粒径逐渐增大;随着沉积温度的升高,纳米SiO_2的沉积量逐渐减少,粒径逐渐减小;与沉积温度为20℃相比,当沉积温度为60℃时,纳米SiO_2的沉积量减少了36.4%、粒径减小了37.8%;沉积时间主要影响纳米SiO_2的沉积量,对其粒径的影响不明显。通过实验探究了纳米SiO_2成核与生长的机理:黄麻纤维表面的孔隙结构为纳米SiO_2提供了成核位点;TEOS经过水解缩合反应形成短链交联结构,通过氢键或化学键沉积于黄麻纤维表面的孔隙中;短链交联结构经过成核与生长过程,逐渐形成纳米SiO_2颗粒。因此,通过对工艺参数合理地选择,可以调控纳米SiO_2在黄麻纤维表面成核与生长阶段的形貌与沉积量。     

Microscopic Phase-field Simulation of Effects of Re-ageing Temperature on Precipitation of Ni-Al-Cr Alloys

This article, by means of the ternary microscopic phase-field model, investigates the effects of re-ageing temperature on the precipitation of Ni₇₅Al₁₀Cr₁₅ alloy with the help of atomic pictures, order parameters, particle density, averaged radii, and volume fractions. During pre-ageing at 873 K, DO₂₂ phases first appear through spinodal decomposition mechanism, and then L1₂ phases begin to form on the DO₂₂ phase-boundaries through non-classical nucleation mechanism. In either of them, ordering process is obviously faster than atom clustering. At the late stage of re-ageing at 923 K, the elastic strain energy seems to exert stronger effects on microstructure, and DO₂₂ and L1₂ phases exhibit directional alignment along <100> direction to a certain extent. When the temperature increases to 1 023 K, the influence of elastic strain energy begins to weaken, and the precipitated phases become randomly distributed in the matrix. The volume fraction of DO₂₂ phase decreases to zero, whereas that of L1₂ phase first increases and then decreases with the temperature rising from 923 K to 1 123 K. On the whole, the effects of elastic strain energy make the coarsening behavior of both phases deviate from the time-law predictions by LSW diffusion-controlled growth theory.     

电荷作用对均质-非均质凝结流动的影响

基于Fletcher成核理论及均质-非均质凝结双流体模型,讨论了电荷作用对凝结流动的影响,结果表明:有无电荷影响时,成核率计算公式精度均较高,流场参数的计算结果与实验结果吻合良好,相对误差不超过5%,表明所建的均质-非均质凝结双流体模型具有较高精度.不带电时,加入颗粒半径为5nm颗粒前后流场过冷度差别较小,加入颗粒半径分别为8nm和10nm颗粒后过冷度峰值虽分别降低2K和7K,但均导致自发凝结向下游迁移.当颗粒带电荷量为Q=1e,加入颗粒半径为5nm颗粒情况下对减小成核自由能障、增加非均质成核率的作用最为明显,这一作用在颗粒半径为8nm时较弱,颗粒半径为10nm情况下最弱.当带电量增加至Q=3e时,加入颗粒半径分别为5nm和8nm颗粒情况下峰值过冷度与均质凝结相比分别下降10K和6K,且较明显地抑制了自发凝结发生.