低温液体火箭燃烧室内射流雾化研究进展

从理论、实验和数值计算方面，阐述和总结了低温推进剂射流雾化的研究现状和进展。对射流雾化机理及形态进行了分类，重点从对比常温流体与低温流体射流雾化特征参数不同的角度，梳理了射流雾化方面的数值研究方法，并介绍了低温射流雾化的相关实验研究。结果表明:空气扰动破碎机理仍是最广为接受的理论，而超临界工况下射流雾化形态不符合现有的射流雾化分类；数值计算方法逐渐由流体体积法和水平集法向直接数值模拟转变，对闪蒸现象的建模是研究重难点之一；低温流体射流喷雾实验数据匮乏，需通过丰富测量手段，提高测量精度的途径获得完整、准确的实验数据。      

飞机轮胎爆破喷流模式下管路的强度计算方法

飞机起落架作为飞机唯一的支撑结构,是不可或缺的飞机部件,而轮胎作为飞机起落架的重要部件,在飞机起飞、降落到滑跑过程中承受着巨大的冲击力和摩擦力,从而可能导致轮胎爆破的事故发生,也可能引起轮胎的空气喷流效应,导致其空气喷流效应影响范围内的液压管路破坏。而液压管路的破坏将会导致飞机液压能源系统和与之相关联的液压设备非正常工作,进而威胁飞机的飞行安全。在进行喷流模式下的液压管路的强度计算时,由于该模式下轮胎爆破产生的喷流是瞬间的、巨大的,因此计算其喷流载荷是非常困难的。针对该模式下提出一种喷流载荷拟合方法,并将拟合后的载荷加载到管路的有限元模型中,从而计算出液压管路的强度,为轮胎爆破下喷流模式的液压管路计算提供了工程实用的方法。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on opposing plasma synthetic jet for drag reduction

Experimental and numerical studies are carried out to validate the potential of opposing Plasma Synthetic Jet (PSJ) for drag reduction for a hemisphere. Firstly, flow field changes of opposing PSJ are analyzed by comparing the experimental schlieren images and simulation results in a supersonic free stream of Mach number 3. As PSJ is a kind of unsteady pulsed jet, the shock standoff distance increases initially and then decreases under the control of PSJ, which corresponds to the change of the strength of PSJ. Accordingly, the amount of drag reduction of the hemisphere increases initially and then decreases. It is found that there is a short period of “drag rise” during the formation of PSJ before the drag reduction, which is induced by the generation of normal shock waves and the area difference of the cavity wall of PSJ Actuator (PSJA). Secondly, the effects of five parameters, including exit diameter, discharge energy of PSJA, Mach number, static pressure of incoming flow and angle of attack, on drag reduction of opposing PSJ were studied in detail by using numerical method. It is found that the Maximum Pressure Ratio (MPR) has a significant impact on the average drag reduction for a configuration-determined PSJA. For the configuration selected in this study, the flow field of opposing PSJ shows typical Short Penetration Mode (SPM) in a control cycle of PSJ when the MPR is less than 0.89. However, the flow field shows typical Long Penetration Mode (LPM) at some time when the MPR is bigger than 0.89. Relatively better drag reduction is achieved in this case.     

喷口速度扰动下液体射流的频率响应

基于界面捕捉VOF(volume of fluid)方法和网格自适应技术，对圆射流初始破碎过程进行了直接数值模拟，揭示了不同扰动频率对圆射流表面形态和液丝、液滴结构的响应特性。研究结果表明：Rayleigh线性化色散理论可以很好地对当前射流表面波的失稳过程进行解释。当喷口扰动频率（66.6 kHz）小于理论临界值95.5 kHz时，射流会随着时空演化逐渐失稳，而当大于临界值时，表面波振幅会逐渐减弱并逐渐变成光滑状态。表面波不稳定状态下脱落液滴会撞击波节结构，在其表面留在冲击凹痕；随着波节振幅不断增大，液膜发生穿孔式破裂，进而形成大量脱落的液丝和液滴结构。适当频率的扰动可以减少射流头部的速度波动，从而减缓射流的雾化进程；射流表面波的破碎和液核头部的破碎过程共同决定了喷雾场SMD(Sauter mean diameter)的大小，且两者存在相互耦合。     

Lift enhancement based on virtual aerodynamic shape using a dual synthetic jet actuator

The Dual Synthetic Jet Actuator (DSJA) is used to develop a new type of lift enhancement device based on circulation control, and to control the flow over the two-dimensional (2D) NACA0015 airfoil. The lift enhancement device is composed of a DSJA and a rounded trailing edge (Coanda surface). The two outlets of the DSJA eject two jets (Jet 1 and Jet 2). Jet 1 ejects from the upper trailing edge, which increases the circulation of airfoil with the help of the Coanda surface. Jet 2 ejects from the lower trailing edge, which acts as a virtual flap. The Reynolds number based on the airfoil chord length and free flow velocity is 250000. The results indicate that the circulation control method based on Dual Synthetic Jet (DSJ) has good performance in lift enhancement, whose control effect is closely related to momentum coefficient and reduced frequency. With the increase of the reduced frequency, the control effect of the lift enhancement is slightly reduced. As the momentum coefficient increases, the control effect becomes better. When the angle of attack is greater than 4°, the increments of lift coefficients under the control of DSJ are larger than those under the control of the steady blowing at a same momentum coefficient. The maximum lift augmentation efficiency can reach 47 when the momentum coefficient is 0.02, which is higher than the value in the case with steady blowing jet circulation control.     

飞机热气防冰系统研究

介绍了飞机热气防冰系统的应用背景及基本结构，回顾了其发展历程及国内外研究现状.从防冰表面水滴撞击特性计算、蒙皮外部结冰/溢流水模型建立、热气防冰腔内部结构参数研究以及多物理场防冰表面内外耦合仿真这4个关键问题角度，分析了热气防冰系统的主要研究内容.分析表明:准确预测三维溢流冰形成过程、优化热气防冰腔内部结构参数、确定防冰安全边界和防冰裕度以及冰风洞防冰系统实验的参数缩比等关键研究点是热气防冰系统的发展趋势.      

Aerodynamic characteristics of co-flow jet wing with simple high-lift devices

Numerical investigations are conducted to explore the aerodynamic characteristics of three-dimensional Co-Flow Jet (CFJ) wing with simple high-lift devices during low-speed takeoff and landing. Effects of three crucial parameters of CFJ wing, i.e., angle of attack, jet momentum and swept angle, are comprehensively examined. Additionally, the aerodynamic characteristics of two CFJ configurations, i.e., using open and discrete slots for injection, are compared. The results show that applying CFJ technique to a wing with simple high-lift device is able to generate more lift, reduce drag and enlarge stall margin with lower energy expenditure due to the super-circulation effect. Increasing the jet intensity can reduce the drag significantly, which is mainly contributed by the reaction jet force. The Oswald efficiency factor is, in some circumstances, larger than one, which indicates the potential of CFJ in reducing induced drag. Compared with clean wing configuration, using CFJ technique allows the aerodynamic force variation less sensitive to the swept angle, and such phenomenon is better observed for small swept angle region. Eventually, it is interesting to know that the discrete slotted CFJ configuration demonstrates a promising enhancement in aerodynamic performance in terms of high lift, low drag and efficiency.     

加工装配误差影响下偏转射流压力伺服阀静态特性分析

电液压力伺服阀是电液压力伺服控制系统的核心控制元件，广泛应用于航空、航天、军事等领域。区别于流量伺服阀，压力伺服阀在滑阀放大器的设计上多采用带有压力控制容腔的三通阀结构，不同的滑阀结构使得现有的偏转射流流量伺服阀仿真模型难以满足压力伺服阀性能预测的需求。本文基于AMESim平台建立了偏转射流压力伺服阀的仿真模型，并通过实验对仿真模型进行了验证，验证结果表明仿真模型能够准确地描述压力伺服阀的静态特性。最后，通过仿真模型分析了加工装配误差影响下压力伺服阀输出性能差异，仿真结果可为偏转射流压力伺服阀的性能预测和结构设计提供参考。     

欠膨胀椭圆射流的流动结构

为了探讨超声速欠膨胀椭圆射流的流动特征,采用大涡模拟（LES）方法与高精度混合格式对出口压力比N分别为14、24、40的欠膨胀椭圆射流流场结构进行数值模拟。结果清晰描述了欠膨胀椭圆射流的三维(3 D)结构特征与发展规律,并分析了因喷嘴方位曲率不一致而导致长轴与短轴平面上激波结构出现差异的原因。另外,结果还发现:当N为24时,短轴平面上射流域内的激波结构已由正规反射转变为马赫反射,但长轴平面上仍维持正规反射,而当N为40时,长轴与短轴平面上的激波结构均为马赫反射结构,由此可知喷嘴方位曲率变化越平缓,马赫反射形成所需的出口压力比越大。      

轴向入射激波反射聚焦的实验和数值模拟

为研究两级脉冲爆震发动机凹腔入口宽度对第2级凹腔中激波聚焦过程的影响，设计轴向入射激波聚焦的实验系统，对不同入口宽度下激波反射聚焦的过程进行了实验和数值模拟。采用纹影系统拍摄凹腔中的流场结构，并测量了凹腔顶点处的动态压力。采用保持强稳定性（SSP）的Runge Kutta格式、weighed essential non oscillation（WENO)格式和块结构网格自适应加密（SAMR）算法对激波反射、衍射和聚焦的过程进行了数值模拟，数值模拟结果和实验吻合较好。通过分析比较相同马赫数激波通过不同宽度凹腔的反射聚焦过程，发现较小宽度凹腔入口下激波反射和聚焦较强，顶点的压力峰值较高，激波聚焦诱导的射流较强。