Evaluation and improvement of coastal GNSS reflectometry sea level variations from existing GNSS stations in Taiwan

Global sea level rise due to an increasingly warmer climate has begun to induce hazards, adversely affecting the lives and properties of people residing in low-lying coastal regions and islands. Therefore, it is important to monitor and understand variations in coastal sea level covering offshore regions. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) have been successfully used to robustly derive sea level heights (SLHs). In Taiwan, there are a number of continuously operating GNSS stations, not originally installed for sea level monitoring. They were established in harbors or near coastal regions for monitoring land motion. This study utilizes existing SNR data from three GNSS stations (Kaohsiung, Suao, and TaiCOAST) in Taiwan to compute SLHs with two methods, namely, Lomb–Scargle Periodogram (LSP)-only, and LSP aided with tidal harmonic analysis developed in this study. The results of both methods are compared with co-located or nearby tide gauge records. Due to the poor quality of SNR data, the worst accuracy of SLHs derived from traditional LSP-only method exceeds 1?m at the TaiCOAST station. With our procedure, the standard deviations (STDs) of difference between GNSS-derived SLHs and tide gauge records in Kaohsiung and Suao stations decreased to 10?cm and the results show excellent agreement with tide gauge derived relative sea level records, with STD of differences of 7?cm and correlation coefficient of 0.96. In addition, the absolute GNSS-R sea level trend in Kaohsiung during 2006–2011 agrees well with that derived from satellite altimetry. We conclude that the coastal GNSS stations in Taiwan have the potential of monitoring absolute coastal sea level change accurately when our proposed methodology is used.     

Wrinkling analysis for small solar-photon sails: An experimental and analytic approach for trajectory design

A good model of solar-radiation pressure induced thrust is one of the key points in sailcraft trajectory design. The sail membrane’s local topographic deformations, i.e. wrinkles and creases, are among the main aspects that such a model should include. We have analyzed the influence of wrinkles/creases, as a whole, by measuring the related deformations on small samples of sail membrane, 2.5?μm thick, consisting of CP1 and physical-vapor-deposition Aluminum. Experimental outcomes from our laboratory facility have been processed, statistically investigated, and inserted into the lightness vector formalism. We have used such formalism for accurate sailcraft trajectory computation via a non-ideal reflection sail thrust model. Finally, we computed the deviations of wrinkled-sail sailcraft final orbital states with respect to the no-wrinkle sail final orbital ones for a circular to circular 2D inward transfer. The radii of the orbits are 1?AU and the semi-major axis of Mercury, respectively. It appears that sail wrinkles and creases are no longer negligible in the sailcraft trajectory design.     

微分法在定位误差分析与计算中的应用

介绍了微分法分析计算定位误差的原理和适用范围,通过生产实例分析,证明了该方法在解决多误差因素定位误差分析与计算中的简便与快捷,从而有效简化了复杂定位方案定位误差的分析与计算,提高了夹具的设计效率。     

ZYTC600专用镗床精密转台微调机构设计与分析

为解决框架类零件的高位置度孔的精密镗削加工问题,研发了ZYTC600专用镗削机床.其精度指标优于现有的通用镗床(包括进口镗床),尺寸在500mm范围内,同轴度优于2μm,垂直度优于5μm,其中的关键部件双回转轴系分度精密转台采用了一套精密调整机构,可以实现0.2s”的精密调整,通过有限元分析得到其驱动刚度可达到800N/μm,可以满足加工需求.     

基于液体静压导轨的大行程快刀伺服系统设计

采用了理论设计和有限元仿真分析相结合的方法,设计了基于液体静压导轨的大行程快刀伺服系统(最大加工行程30mm,行程4mm时频响不低于50Hz).首先,设计得到了基于液体静压导轨的大行程快刀伺服系统的结构模型和相关参数;接着,利用ANSYS/FLUENT软件对液体静压导轨的变形、模态以及油膜压力分布进行仿真分析,并且将油膜刚度的理论计算值和仿真计算值进行比较,验证了导轨设计的可靠性;最后,选用能够满足要求的音圈电机、位置反馈装置以及功能强大的MPAC运动控制器等完成了控制系统的搭建.     

热力学排气系统中节流效应及其冷量利用分析

为更好地理解热力学排气系统(TVS)的运行机理，优化其运行参数，针对节流装置，建立了热力学模型，讨论了节流过程中状态参数的变化规律，对比了单相气体、单相液体节流的性能特性，进一步揭示了焦汤节流效应的原理，分析了不同节流背压下节流前低温工质(液氢和液氧)压力和温度对节流性能的影响，并结合TVS实际应用，阐述了节流最大制冷量的利用效果，提出了优化的TVS工作区间。研究表明：在节流过程不发生相变情况下单相气体节流制冷效应要比单相液体节流制冷效应更加显著；而在节流过程发生相变情况下液体节流至两相后，由于空化吸热导致流体温度降低，对于液氢，0.5MPa的压降可产生接近3 K的温降。对于液体节流，节流前压力对节流过程影响可忽略，〖JP2〗而节流前温度和节流背压对节流过程起主导作用；对于液氢在在轨运行工况下，考虑到节流制冷量的充分利用，同时保证换热过程体积含气率不高于90%，推荐TVS系统中节流背压范围为75～143 kPa。     

基于改进准则法的复合壳阻尼结构拓扑减振动力学优化

针对复合壳阻尼结构的拓扑减振优化问题，以约束阻尼层的有限单元为设计变量，采用体积比、模态频率和振型为优化约束条件，构建以多模态权重系数的结构模态损耗因子数值关系为优化目标函数的拓扑减振优化模型。为了拓展优化目标灵敏度具有不局限于某一变密度法插值模型的形式，推导了数值表达式的一般函数式。动力学优化中优化目标灵敏度正、负数集共存，使得非凸性的目标函数设计变量出现负值或优化函数寻优于局部极值点。为此，推导出复合壳阻尼结构的全域灵敏度改进优化准则法迭代格，以确保每次迭代域均为全域设计变量集。结合有限单元法编程实现了复合壳阻尼结构改进准则法，并对复合壳结构进行拓扑减振优化分析。结果表明：在敷设体积减为全覆盖的50%时，复合壳结构的模态损耗因子增减偏差为10%，具有提升减振的轻量化设计目的；各阶目标函数和拓扑构型所需的迭代次数少，中间密度区域较小，多阶优于单阶模态优化函数，易于获得全域寻优的有效减振。     

Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

基于ANSYS Workbench的行星滚柱丝杠动态特性分析

通过Pro/Engineer建立行星滚柱丝杠三维模型，基于ANSYS Workbench有限元分析技术进行模态与谐响应分析，得到前六阶固有频率与各阶模态振型，确定共振频率，掌握对应频率下的位移峰值响应，并研究螺母处于不同工作位置时对固有频率的影响，为基于行星滚柱丝杠传动的舵系统抗振设计提供数据支撑。     

基于等效板的含离散源损伤机翼结构分析

研究离散源损伤对机翼结构的影响,可以大幅度提高飞机在不良损伤事故下的生存能力.由于机翼内部结构复杂,很难对含离散源损伤机翼结构进行精确分析,而且精确的建模和仿真在建模与计算过程中往往也非常耗时.因此,以含离散源损伤机翼为对象,采用有限元优化设计方法,确立了一种机翼结构等效板模型的建模方法.建立的等效板模型可对含离散源损伤机翼实现快速、准确的静力学和动力学分析.