空间可展开天线模态测试与模型修正技术

为准确预测结构的力学特性,使仿真结果精确逼近试验结果,必须对有限元模型进行修正。由于网状可展开天线的有限元模型中存在着各类结构参数且内部索网属于柔性结构,索网索段由于预张力才具有刚度,结构的这一特殊性导致模型修正困难。对3 m可展开天线样机进行了模态测试,在样机自由状态下获取了结构的模态频率和振型;针对可展开天线这种柔性复杂结构模态参数难识别、待修正参数多的特点,对修正参数进行了有针对性的选择;使用基于设计参数灵敏度型的模型修正方法对有限元模型进行了修正,缩小了样机与仿真固有频率和振型之间的误差,得到一种处理含有索网结构的模态测试流程和模型修正方法。     

柔性机器人避动力奇异方法的研究

对柔性机器人避动力奇异的方法进行了研究,得出当机器人第i阶模态频率与模态激振力某阶频率相等,且模态激振力比较大时,机器人就会出现动力奇异问题的结论;分析了机器人的结构参数和运动参数是影响其固有频率的因素,提出了在不改变机器人预定工作任务的情况下,对已有的机器人可以通过在其柔性臂上附加一质量块以调节机器人的固有频率,从而避免动力奇异问题的发生;同时给出了附加质量块的规划策略,并以一末杆为柔杆的空间三杆机器人为例,验证了所提方法的有效性.该方法也适用于其它一般机械系统.     

基于ANSYS的桁架结构模态分析

模态分析是机械结构动力学分析的基础。采用有限单元法,利用ANSYS软件以桁架结构为例进行分析,求得桁架的自由模态参数,并通过加强筋的合理布置,增强桁架的结构刚度,提升固有频率,远离实际工作频率以防止共振。     

应用激光测振技术提高模态试验测量准确度

以一个标准直梁为研究对象,应用扫描式激光测振系统对梁进行了模态测量,得到梁的弯曲振动和纵向振动固有频率和振型,光测结果与理论计算结果相符。与传统的传感器测量结果相比,激光多普勒测振技术测量准确度高,可以很好的解决传感器对结构产生的附加质量的问题,尤其适用于轻薄结构的模态测量。     

杆-梁和梁-梁组合结构中的波动现象

杆-梁结构和梁-梁结构都是典型的组合结构.用间接模态叠加法分析杆-Timoshenko梁之间以及两根Timoshenko梁之间的碰撞问题.在间接模态叠加法中,首先分别独立求得杆和梁的固有频率和模态函数,然后建立碰撞体和靶体之间的位移协调方程,并用逐步积分方法求解该方程.分析了纵波和剪切波在杆和梁中的传播特性.      

行星着陆自主导航与制导控制研究现状与趋势

行星着陆自主导航与制导控制技术是行星着陆过程的核心技术之一,关系到行星着陆任务的成败。本文基于未来火星和小天体着陆对自主导航与制导控制技术的发展需求,阐述了进一步开展自主导航与制导控制研究的必要性,围绕行星着陆过程环境特点,分析了自主导航与制导控制技术所遇到的挑战,随后概括了行星着陆自主导航与制导控制所涉及的关键技术,并综述了关键技术的研究现状。最后对我国未来行星着陆探测自主导航与制导控制技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

一种基于模态参数实时辨识方法的参数时变航天器控制方法

针对一种因挠性结构转动引起模态参数变化的航天器研究了一种基于模态参数辨识的控制方法。首先以一种刚柔耦合复杂航天器为对象，建立分析航天器的动力学模型。然后，基于该模型，采用一种基于改进递归预测器的子空间辨识(RPBSID)法模态辨识方法估计系统状态量。最后，基于辨识状态量采用无模型控制方法进行控制，通过基于MATLAB软件的仿真实验，验证了方法的有效性。     

基于双重属性信息的跨模态行人重识别算法

通过对跨模态检索问题的研究，属性信息的使用可以增强所提取特征的语义表达性，但现有基于自然语言的跨模态行人重识别算法对行人图片和文本的属性信息利用不够充分。基于双重属性信息的跨模态行人重识别算法充分考虑了行人图片和文本描述的属性信息，构建了基于文本属性和图片属性的双重属性空间，并通过构建基于隐空间和属性空间的跨模态行人重识别端到端网络，提高了所提取图文特征的可区分性和语义表达性。跨模态行人重识别数据集CUHK-PEDES上的实验评估表明，所提算法的检索准确率Top-1达到了56.42%，与CMAAM算法的Top-1（56.68%）具有可比性，Top-5、Top-10相比CMAAM算法分别提升了0.45%、0.29%。针对待检索图片库中可能存在身份标签的应用场景，利用行人的类别信息提取属性特征，可以较大幅度提高跨模态行人图片的检索准确率，Top-1达到64.88%。消融实验证明了所提算法使用的文本属性和图片属性的重要性及基于双重属性空间的有效性。      

直升机旋翼/动力/传动系统模型及耦合影响

为了提供有效的避免系统共振的设计措施,针对某型直升机的实际情况建立了该型号直升机的发动机、传动系统与旋翼、尾桨组成的机械扭振系统的分析模型.用特征分析和阻抗匹配方法对系统各个模态固有特性包括固有频率和振型进行了对比计算和结果分析.研究了模态固有特性在扭振系统耦合前后的变化,以及旋翼变转速对孤立桨叶和耦合后旋翼固有特性的影响,得出了避免系统共振的设计措施.      

六自由度压电隔振平台面向控制的模态分析与动力学建模

六自由度压电隔振平台各通道之间存在的强耦合性以及压电作动器固有的迟滞非线性都对系统动力学建模提出了挑战。为此，基于模态分析技术对六自由度压电隔振平台开展面向控制的非线性动力学建模研究。在充分考虑压电作动器的迟滞非线性后，采用模态坐标变换方法建立了隔振平台Hammerstein非线性动力学模型，包含了输入端的静态迟滞非线性子系统、解耦的模态方程组以及模态正/反变换矩阵。通过实验测量方法辨识得到模态方程中的参数，采用MPI模型辨识得到静态迟滞非线性子系统，并经过逆补偿控制实验验证了迟滞模型的正确性。基于迟滞逆补偿策略辨识得到模态反变换矩阵。最终建立了平台的动力学模型，为后续的控制奠定了良好的基础。      

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

直尺反转组合法测量直线度的理论分析

对直尺反转组合法的测量原理进行了较为深入的理论分析，指出测量的准确性受测头误差、采样点定位误差、直尺尺面斜率、直尺再定位误差、直尺各点直线度误差的变化率等五个方面共同作用。其中，采样点定位误差和直尺安装斜率影响直线度测量准确度这一结论，将适用于其他的直尺直线度测量方法，因而具有普遍的指导意义。     

一种提高螺栓联接强度的新方法

根据山本晃教授对螺栓，螺母，螺纹牙受力及其变形研究的成果，导出了该理论条件下受拉螺栓在等载荷受力状态下，当螺栓螺纹采用标准尺寸，螺母螺纹的螺旋线形状，并依据实用性，从螺母螺纹加工方便考虑，提出了近似等负荷螺纹。     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

The postmitotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae after spaceflight showed higher viability

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been proposed as an ideal model organism for clarifying the biological effects caused by spaceflight conditions. The postmitotic S. cerevisiae cells onboard Practice eight recoverable satellite were subjected to spaceflight for 15 days. After recovery, the viability, the glycogen content, the activities of carbohydrate metabolism enzymes, the DNA content and the lipid peroxidation level in yeast cells were analyzed. The viability of the postmitotic yeast cells after spaceflight showed a three-fold increase as compared with that of the ground control cells. Compared to the ground control cells, the lipid peroxidation level in the spaceflight yeast cells markedly decreased. The spaceflight yeast cells also showed an increase in G2/M cell population and a decrease in Sub-G1 cell population. The glycogen content and the activities of hexokinase and succinate dehydrogenase significantly decreased in the yeast cells after spaceflight. In contrast, the activity of malate dehydrogenase showed an obvious increase after spaceflight. These results suggested that microgravity or spaceflight could promote the survival of postmitotic S. cerevisiae cells through regulating carbohydrate metabolism, ROS level and cell cycle progression.     

Signs of Müller cell gliotic response found in the retina of newts exposed to real and simulated microgravity

The effects of real and simulated microgravity on the eye tissue regeneration of newts were investigated. For the first time changes in Müller glial cells in the retina of eyes regenerating after retinal detachment were detected in newts exposed to clinorotation. The cells divided, were hypertrophied, and their processes were thickened. Such changes suggested reactive gliosis and were more significant in animals exposed to rotation when compared with desk-top controls. Later experiments onboard the Russian biosatellite Bion-11 showed similar changes in the retinas that were regenerating in a two-week spaceflight. In the Bion-11 animals, GFAP, the major structural protein of retinal macroglial cells, was found to be upregulated. In a more recent experiment onboard Foton-M3 (2007), GFAP expression in retinas of space-flown, ground control (kept at 1 g), and basal control (sacrificed on launch day) newts was quantified, using microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and digital image analysis. A low level of immunoreactivity was observed in basal controls. In contrast, retinas of space-flown animals showed greater GFAP immunoreactivity associated with both an increased cell number and a higher thickness of intermediate filaments. This, in turn, was accompanied by up-regulation of stress protein (HSP90) and growth factor (FGF2) expressions. It can be postulated that such a response of Müller cells was to mitigate the retinal stress in newts exposed to microgravity. Taken together, the data suggest that the retinal population of macroglial cells could be sensitive to gravity changes and that in space it can react by enhancing its neuroprotective function.