固体火箭发动机燃烧室冷态突扩气固多相流动的数值模拟

基于欧拉-欧拉双流体方法,建立固体火箭发动机燃烧室轴对称突扩气固多相流动的统一二阶矩两相湍流模型,采用k-ε双方程模拟气相湍流流动和颗粒相湍流雷诺应力kpg方程描述大尺度颗粒湍流运动、小尺度颗粒各向异性弥散特性以及气固相间作用。数值模拟了突扩流动中的颗粒轴向、径向平均速度和脉动速度以及颗粒-气相脉动速度关联轴向分量的分布特性,计算结果与试验吻合较好。研究结果表明:颗粒轴向速度脉动大于径向速度脉动,轴向平均速度梯度影响脉动速度峰值的发生位置和大小;两相脉动速度关联轴向分量大约是径向分量的2倍。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON SWIRLING AND RECIRCULATING TWO-PHASE FLOW FIELD IN A COLD MODEL OF DUAL-INLET SUDDEN-EXPANSION COMBUSTOR

The axial and tangential velocities of gas and particle phases and particle concentration for turbulent swirling and recirculating gas-particle (simulating gas-droplet) flows in a cold model of a dual-inlet sudden-expansion combustor with partially tangential central tubes, proposed by the present authors, were measured by using a 2-D LDV system and a laser optic fiber system combined with a sampling probe. The results show that there are both gas and particle strongly reverse flows and swirling flows in the head part of the combustor. The velocity slip between gas and particle phases is remarkable. The particle concentration is higher near the wall and lower near the axis. There are two peaks in the concentration profiles near the inlet tubes. The above-obtained flow characteristics are favorable to ignition, flame stabilization and combustion. The results can also be used to validate the numerical modeling.     

Local stability analysis of interface region of astrophysical viscous shear flows with a gradual velocity gradient

In this paper, we extend the stability analysis of cold sharp shear flows to warm astrophysical cases with, inevitable, gradual velocity gradient in the interface region in the presence of viscosity effect. Using linear perturbation theory as well as the local approximation method, the instability growth rate of the excited electromagnetic modes has been investigated for the relativistic and non-relativistic cases of solar wind interacting with interstellar plasma medium. Results show that astrophysical shear systems with a small velocity gradient in the transition region are more stable rather than larger ones. Moreover, dependent on the viscosity coefficient value, the viscosity effects could have a positive role on the instability growth rate of the system in some range of initial bulk velocity, while it plays a destructive role in other velocity ranges.     

直接加热式换热器中若干问题的探讨

目前广泛使用的直接加热式换热器,存在着热效率低、振动和噪声大的问题。本文通过对汽泡运动与热交换的理论分析和数值计算,以及对蒸汽激励与防噪声的分析,提出既可提高热效率又可大大降低振动与噪声的结构方案。实验证明了这种结构方案的有效性及其在工程中应用的可行性。     

用 Euler 方程计算某些特殊的二维分离流动

采用非定常Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程、总体时间步长、隐式时间推进，计算了几种特殊类型钝体的二维有分离绕流。一类是光滑的圆柱体，在跨音速时计算出因激波诱导分离而周期性地脱落在尾迹上的非对称涡排。另一类是带尖角的物体，如三角形柱体，计算出从尖角处脱落在尾迹上的分离旋涡，形成卡门涡街。对这两类物体，计算的平均阻力系数，分离涡脱落的Ｓｔｒｏｕｈａｌ数以及流态都与实验接近。结果表明，对于这类绕流问题，用非定常Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程计算，具有一定工程实用意义。     

A new two-scale model for large eddy simulation of wall-bounded flows

A new hybrid approach to model high Reynolds number wall-bounded turbulent flows is developed based on coupling a two-level simulation (TLS) approach (Kemenov and Menon, 2006 [1], 2007 [2] in the inner region with conventional large eddy simulation (LES) away from the wall. This new approach is significantly different from previous near-wall approaches for LES. In this hybrid TLS–LES approach, a very fine small-scale (SS) mesh is embedded inside the coarse LES mesh. The SS equations capture fine-scale temporal and spatial variations in all three Cartesian directions for all three velocity components near the wall. The TLS–LES equations are derived using a new scale separation operator that allows a smooth transition between the two regions, with the equations in the transition region obtained by blending the TLS large-scale and LES equations. New terms in the hybrid region are identified. The TLS–LES approach is used to study the near-wall features in canonical turbulent channel flows for a range of Reynolds number using relatively coarse large-scale (LS) grids. Results show that the TLS–LES approach is able to capture the effect of both the LS and SS features in the wall region consistently for the range of simulated Reynolds number.     

轴向非均匀凹槽叶顶的实验与数值研究

为探究不同轴向非均匀凹槽间隙控制泄漏流动的效果和机理,采用实验与数值结合的研究方法,对两种间隙条件下的叶顶凹槽结合渐缩型间隙、均匀型间隙和渐扩型间隙方案对涡轮叶顶泄漏流动的控制效果进行研究。结果表明:减小泄漏流流量与控制叶栅总压损失之间没有直接联系,渐扩型间隙增大了26.7%的泄漏流流量,但在小间隙和大间隙条件下分别减小了2.44%和3.53%的总压损失；渐扩间隙减小总压损失,是通过有效减小通道涡在节距向和展向的尺度,并在一定程度上减小泄漏涡在节距向的尺度实现的；渐扩间隙减小通道涡和泄漏涡的尺度,其原理在于渐扩间隙的布置增强了凹槽内的径向流动,使压力面再附线更靠近叶片,吸力面泄漏涡分离线位置更靠后,从而抑制了泄漏流动。      

求解最小费用最大流问题的一种方法

介绍了最大流问题的多解，提出了通过调整圈来求解最小费用最大流的方法。     

跨音速压气机级三维紊流流场数值模拟

在对跨音速压气机级的动／静双叶排中的三维定常紊流流场数值的模拟中，利用三阶高分辨率ＮＮＤ格式和ＬＵ－ＳＧＳ隐式推进迭代法，既保证了流场中激波的模拟质量和粘性流动特征的正确预估，也实现了求解过程的高效率。对某单级跨音速压气机的计算及其与实验数据的对比证实了本文方法的有效性。将计算推广至多级轴流叶轮机械的情况将会是十分简便的     

一种分离流数值求解方法

本文以弯管内分离流场为例，根据分离区与未分离的湍流动能差别较大的特点，提出了在分离区和未分离区采用不同的湍流模型来模拟流动的湍流效应，利用Ｎ－Ｓ方程进行了数值模拟，结果表明：利用这一方法，可以加速迭代的收敛，节省机时。